. 2020 Aug 11;17(16):5802. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17165802

Table 2.

Adjusted ^a associations (Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals) of self-reported angina pectoris (Angina diagnosed or treated) or Rose angina pectoris with type of cooking and heating fuels used in household.

Characteristic		Africa		Americas		Asia		Europe		Pooled Sample
		OR ^a	(95% CI) ^a	OR ^a	(95% CI) ^a	OR ^a	(95% CI) ^a	OR ^a	(95% CI) ^a	OR ^a	(95% CI) ^a
Household fuel used for cooking or heating	Gas	1		1		1		1		1
	Electricity	0.72	0.53–0.99	0.61	0.14–2.65	0.74	0.47–1.16	0.44	0.31–0.61	0.68	0.56–0.83
	Kerosene	0.87	0.55–1.37	n/a	n/a	1.43	1.05–1.95	0.21	0.14–0.31	0.84	0.66–1.06
	Coal/charcoal	1.08	0.84–1.39	1.42	0.82–2.46	0.61	0.48–0.79	0.67	0.28–1.59	0.80	0.66–0.97
	Wood	1.68	1.37–2.05	0.86	0.65–1.14	0.91	0.73–1.13	0.10	0.65–1.53	1.14	0.97–1.33
	Agriculture/dung/shrubs/other	1.81	1.06–3.09	1.24	0.57–2.73	1.30	1.01–1.67	1.01	0.33–3.12	1.65	1.30–2.09
	Mixed solid/liquid/gas/electricity	1.55	1.15–2.07	1.46	0.94–2.27	1.08	0.79–1.49	0.91	0.69–1.20	1.31	1.09–1.56
	Mixed solid only	1.99	1.50–2.65	4.08	1.55–10.75	1.14	0.58–2.25	1.06	0.20–5.73	1.59	1.12–2.25
	Mixed liquid/gas/electricity only	1.17	0.73–1.87	2.12	1.13–3.98	0.73	0.50–1.07	0.59	0.41–0.86	0.94	0.69–1.28

Household fuel used for cooking or heating (grouped)	Gas/electricity/kerosene	1		1		1		1		1
	Coal/charcoal/wood/agriculture/crop/shrub/grass	1.83	1.52–2.21	0.96	0.73–1.25	0.88	0.74–1.05	1.14	0.77–1.70	1.15	1.01–1.31
	Mixed fuel use	1.95	1.57–2.44	1.84	1.28–2.64	1.02	0.78–1.35	0.92	0.73–1.14	1.22	1.06–1.42

OR: odds ratio; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval; ^a Adjusted for age, BMI, marital status, highest level of education, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity and diabetes.