Table 1.
Demographic characteristics and covariates (n = 13,335).
| Items | Sample Sizes, n (%) | p-Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| First-Year Antibiotics Exposure | ||||
| Total (n = 13,335) | With (n = 3049, 24.1%) | Without (n = 9618, 75.9%) | ||
| Age (years-old) | ||||
| 4 | 5561 (41.7) | 1296 (42.5) | 4021 (41.8) | |
| 5 | 4399 (33.0) | 1005 (33.0) | 3152 (32.8) | |
| 6 | 3375 (25.3) | 748 (24.5) | 2445 (25.4) | 0.066 |
| Sex | ||||
| Boys | 6753 (50.6) | 1648 (54.0) | 4743 (49.3) | |
| Girls | 6536 (49.0) | 1393 (45.7) | 4845 (50.4) | |
| Missing data | 46 (0.4) | 8 (0.3) | 30 (0.3) | <0.001 |
| Family history of atopy | ||||
| Yes | 3097 (23.2) | 922 (30.2) | 2095 (21.8) | |
| No | 9837 (73.8) | 2061 (67.6) | 7291 (75.8) | |
| Missing data | 401 (3.0) | 66 (2.2) | 232 (2.4) | <0.001 |
| District | ||||
| Urban | 9014 (67.6) | 2030 (66.6) | 6569 (68.3) | |
| Suburban | 4062 (30.5) | 970 (31.8) | 2886 (30.0) | |
| Missing data | 259 (1.9) | 49 (1.6) | 163 (1.7) | <0.001 |
| Duration of breastfeeding | ||||
| >6 months | 5456 (40.9) | 1147 (37.6) | 3998 (41.6) | |
| ≤6 months | 7605 (57.0) | 1857 (60.9) | 5431 (56.5) | |
| Missing data | 274 (2.1) | 45 (1.5) | 189 (2.0) | <0.001 |
| Early home decoration | ||||
| Yes | 4381 (32.9) | 1087 (35.7) | 3120 (32.4) | |
| No | 7396 (55.4) | 1659 (54.4) | 5425 (56.4) | |
| Missing data | 1558 (11.7) | 303 (9.9) | 1073 (11.2) | <0.001 |
| First-year pet-keeping | ||||
| Yes | 1628 (12.2) | 385 (12.6) | 1157 (12.0) | |
| No | 11515 (86.4) | 2627 (86.2) | 8339 (86.7) | |
| Missing data | 192 (1.4) | 37 (1.2) | 122 (1.3) | <0.001 |
| First-year environmental tobacco smoke | ||||
| Yes | 5444 (40.8) | 1225 (40.2) | 3917 (40.7) | |
| No | 7713 (57.8) | 1790 (58.7) | 5590 (58.1) | |
| Missing data | 178 (1.3) | 34 (1.1) | 111 (1.2) | <0.001 |
| First-year home dampness-related exposures | ||||
| Yes | 6905 (51.8) | 1757 (57.6) | 4912 (51.0) | |
| No | 5006 (37.5) | 967 (31.7) | 3805 (39.6) | |
| Missing data | 1424 (10.7) | 325 (10.7) | 901 (9.4) | <0.001 |