Table 2.
Cineanthropometric, functional, respiratory, and image parameter characterization of the studied sample.
| Parameter | Mean ± Standard Deviation (5th and 95th Percentiles) |
|---|---|
| Cineanthropometric | |
| Weight (kg) | 62.7 ± 11.7 (47.0, 85.8) |
| Height (m) | 1.50 ± 0.05 (1.42, 1.60) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.4 ± 4.7 (21.3, 36.8) |
| Thigh perimeter (cm) | 47.4 ± 5.6 (42.1, 59.7) |
| Calf perimeter (cm) | 32.5 ± 3.5 (27.8, 35.9) |
| Fat mass (kg) | 24.0 ± 8.1 (12.7, 40.3) |
| Fat mass (%) | 38.2 ± 7.5 (20.3, 48.4) |
| Muscle mass (total, kg) | 36.2 ± 4.4 (29.8, 45.7) |
| Muscle mass (appendicular, kg) | 15.4 ± 2.3 (12.9, 20.3) |
| Muscle mass (lower limbs, kg) | 12.2 ± 1.3 (10.1, 15.8) |
| Skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI, kg/m2) | 6.0 ± 0.8 (4.5, 7.1) |
| Functional | |
| Barthel index score (points) | 95 ± 9 (65, 100) |
| SPPB (points) | 7.0 ± 2.6 (3.4, 11.2) |
| MNA score (points) | 14.0 ± 4.5 (12.0, 25.0) |
| IPAQ (Low/Moderate) | 8/18 |
| Gait speed (m/s) | 0.72 ± 0.23 (0.27, 1.14) |
| Handgrip strength (kg) | 18.0 ± 3.9 (11.8, 25.2) |
| Maximum isotonic knee extension (kg) | 8.37 ± 3.1 (5.7, 13.3) |
| Maximum isotonic leg press (kg) | 56.7 ± 24.3 (0, 93.4) |
| Maximum isometric knee extension (kg) | 18.7 ± 6.4 (10.8, 28.7) |
| Mean isometric knee extension (kg) | 16.5 ± 6.4 (9.6, 27.1) |
| Respiratory | |
| FVCa (L/s) | 1.86 ± 0.57 (1.04, 2.71) |
| FVCp (%) | 112.0 ± 24.5 (72.8, 150.8) |
| FEV1a (L/s) | 1.46 ± 0.42 (0.82, 2.19) |
| FEV1p (%) | 116.0 ± 26.6 (75.8, 172.3) |
| FEV2575a (L/s) | 1.41 ± 0.69 (0.69, 2.81) |
| FEV2575p (%) | 64.0 ± 29.5 (34.0, 125.5) |
| PEF (L/s) | 3.7 ± 1.2 (1.5, 5.8) |
| MIP (cm H2O) | 45.0 ± 20.3 (9.3, 74.5) |
| MEP (cm H2O) | 77.0 ± 28.8 (35.3, 126.5) |
| Muscle quality-related imaging biomarkers | |
| Muscle hydration ADC (10−3 mm2/s) | 1.05 ± 0.1 (0.81, 1.30) |
| Muscle hydration D (10−3 mm2/s) | 1.01 ± 0.1 (0.65, 1.23) |
| Muscle hydration T2 (ms) | 31.6 ± 4.1 (24.9, 37.1) |
| Muscle microscopic fat (PDFF, no units) | 0.13 ± 0.03 (0.09, 0.20) |
| Macroscopic fatty infiltration (no units) | 0.34 ± 0.10 (0.18, 0.56) |
| Muscle quantity-related imaging biomarkers | |
| Muscle/fat ratio (no units) | 0.69 ± 0.30 (0.27, 1.23) |
| Muscle/bone ratio (no units) | 13.0 ± 3.2 (8.1, 17.1) |
| Absolute muscle volume (L) | 1.25 ± 0.4 (0.62, 2.05) |
Abbreviations: BMI (body mass index), MNA (mini nutritional assessment), SPPB (short physical performance battery), FVCp (forced vital capacity), FEV1p (forced expiratory volume in 1 s), FEV2575p (forced expiratory volume at 25–75% of the pulmonary volume), PEF (peak expiratory flow), MIP (maximal inspiratory pressure), MEP (maximal expiratory pressure), ADC (apparent diffusion coefficient), D (diffusion coefficient), PDFF (proton density fat fraction), IPAQ (international physical activity questionnaire).