Table 5.

Normalization with body weight of M-mode parameters compared between breed in normal weight and obese groups. Mean ± SE (median, minimum–maximum) are reported.

M-Mode Parameters	Normal Weight Group		Obese Group		95% Prediction Interval (cm) [42]
	Chihuahua (n = 9)	Pomeranian (n = 6)	Chihuahua (n = 8)	Pomeranian (n = 7)
LVIDd (cm)	1.14 ± 0.06 (1.12, 0.69–1.36)	1.24 ± 0.12 (1.37, 0.94–1.5)	1.34 ± 0.03 * (1.35, 1.21–1.44)	1.35 ± 0.05 † (1.39, 1.03–1.47)	1.27–1.85
LVIDs (cm)	0.61 ± 0.04 (0.61, 0.46–0.82)	0.67 ± 0.07 (0.74, 0.42–0.83)	0.75 ± 0.03 * (0.72, 0.7–0.89)	0.86 ± 0.05 † (0.85, 0.8–0.96)	0.71–1.26
IVSd (cm)	0.46 ± 0.01 (0.46, 0.4–0.53)	0.46 ± 0.03 (0.46, 0.36–0.54)	0.45 ± 0.02 (0.45, 0.38–0.52)	0.48 ± 0.03 (0.46, 0.37–0.68)	0.29–0.59
IVSs (cm)	0.68 ± 0.02 (0.68, 0.6–0.75)	0.71 ± 0.05 (0.7, 0.56–0.85)	0.65 ± 0.02 (0.63, 0.56–0.72)	0.61 ± 0.04 (0.57, 0.49–0.75)	0.43–0.79
LVPWd (cm)	0.56 ± 0.03 (0.53, 0.44–0.72)	0.56 ± 0.04 (0.59, 0.41–0.64)	0.48 ± 0.02 * (0.45, 0.43–0.58)	0.46 ± 0.03 † (0.44, 0.36–0.57)	0.29–0.60
LVPWs (cm)	0.75 ± 0.02 (0.75, 0.67–0.84)	0.76 ± 0.02 (0.76, 0.71–0.81)	0.66 ± 0.03 * (0.65, 0.57–0.77)	0.63 ± 0.03 † (0.64, 0.54–0.76)	0.48–0.87
AO diameter (cm)	0.71 ± 0.03 (0.71, 0.59–0.88)	0.67 ± 0.02 (0.69, 0.58–0.74)	0.73 ± 0.02 (0.74, 0.64–0.78)	0.68 ± 0.01 (0.67, 0.62–0.74)	0.63–0.96
LA diameter (cm)	0.82 ± 0.04 (0.86, 0.63–1.04)	0.80 ± 0.04 (0.82, 0.69–0.84)	0.84 ± 0.03 (0.83, 0.73–0.94)	0.81 ± 0.05 (0.75, 0.7–1.0)	0.59–0.97

* p-value < 0.05 vs. Chihuahua normal weight group, ^† p-value < 0.05 vs. Pomeranian normal weight group. LVIDd, left ventricular internal diameter end-diastole; LVIDs, left ventricular internal diameter end-systole; IVSd, interventricular septum thickness end-diastole; IVSs, interventricular septum thickness end-systole; LVPWd, left ventricular posterior wall end-diastole; LVPWs, left ventricular posterior wall end-systole; AO, aortic root; LA, left atrium.