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Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Bidirectional causality between diabetes mellitus (DM) and pancreatic cancer (PCa). Long-standing DM (> 2-year duration) is a risk factor for PCa, meanwhile new-onset DM (≤ 2-year duration) is a manifestation of PCa.