Table 1.
Ingredient and chemical composition of the experimental diets.
| Item | No Flaxseed Oil | With Flaxseed Oil | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No Vitamin E | With Vitamin E | No Vitamin E | With Vitamin E | |
| Ingredients (g/kg DM, unless otherwise stated) | ||||
| Corn silage | 700 | 700 | 700 | 700 |
| Ground corn | 112.9 | 112.9 | 40.0 | 40.0 |
| Soybean meal (48%, solvent-extracted) | 61.3 | 61.3 | 53.3 | 53.3 |
| Wheat meal | 92.6 | 92.6 | 148.5 | 148.5 |
| Flaxseed oil 1 | - | - | 25.0 | 25.0 |
| Vitamin E (IU/kg DM) 2 | - | 375 | - | 375 |
| Mineral and vitamin supplement 3 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 |
| Limestone | 8.8 | 8.8 | 8.8 | 8.8 |
| Urea | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 |
| Ammonium sulfate | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
| Chemical composition | ||||
| Dry matter (g/kg fresh weight) | 472.6 | 472.6 | 476.4 | 476.4 |
| Organic matter (g/kg DM) | 928.2 | 928.2 | 922.5 | 922.5 |
| Crude protein (g/kg DM) | 116.3 | 116.3 | 116.7 | 116.7 |
| Ether extract (g/kg DM) | 26.4 | 26.4 | 50.7 | 50.7 |
| Neutral detergent fiber (g/kg DM) | 497.9 | 497.9 | 507 | 507 |
| Acid detergent fiber (g/kg DM) | 252.9 | 252.9 | 256.7 | 256.7 |
| Non-fibrous carbohydrates (g/kg DM) | 299.1 | 299.1 | 263.2 | 263.2 |
| Net energy for lactation (Mcal/kg DM) 4 | 1.46 | 1.46 | 1.52 | 1.52 |
| Fatty acids (g/kg DM of diet) | ||||
| 16:0 | 5.79 | 5.79 | 7.28 | 7.28 |
| 18:0 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 1.77 | 1.77 |
| 18:1n-9 | 5.56 | 5.56 | 10.51 | 10.51 |
| 18:2n-6 | 3.86 | 3.86 | 7.01 | 7.01 |
| 18:3n-3 | 0.49 | 0.49 | 13.56 | 13.56 |
| n-6 | 4.45 | 4.45 | 7.58 | 7.58 |
| n-3 | 0.49 | 0.49 | 12.56 | 12.56 |
| n-6/n-3 | 9.04 | 9.04 | 0.60 | 0.60 |
| Flaxseed oil fatty acid composition (mg/g of total fatty acids) | ||||
| 16:0 | 62 | |||
| 18:0 | 53 | |||
| 18:1n-9 | 201 | |||
| 18:2n-3 | 137 | |||
| 18:3n-3 | 483 | |||
DM = dry matter; 1 = Lino Oil, Cisbra, Panambi, RS, Brazil; 2 = Microvit E Promix 500,000 IU/kg, Adisseo; 3 = mineral and vitamin supplement (per kilogram of product): calcium 145 g, phosphorous 51 g, sulfur 20 g, magnesium 33 g, potassium 28 g, sodium 93 g, cobalt 30 mg, copper 400 mg, chrome 10 mg, iron 2000 mg, iodine 40 mg, manganese 1350 mg, selenium 15 mg, zinc 1700 mg, fluorine 510 mg, vitamin A 135,000 IU, vitamin D3 68,000 IU, vitamin E 450 IU; 4 = calculated according to the NRC (2001; p. 13) [15].