. 2020 Aug 12;17(16):5844. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17165844

Table 1.

Demographic and clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) readmission patients.

Patient Characteristics		Total (N)	Readmission		Non-Readmission		p-Value
Patient Characteristics		Total (N)	N	%	N	%	p-Value
Total		7590	328	4.3	7262	95.7	-
Sex	Male	3095	170	5.5	2925	94.5	<0.0001 **
Sex	Female	4495	158	3.5	4337	96.5	<0.0001 **
Age	0–19	431	10	2.3	421	97.7	<0.0001 **
	20–39	2629	70	2.7	2559	97.3
	40–64	3165	151	4.8	3014	95.2
	≥65	1365	97	7.1	1268	92.9
Healthcare Coverage	Health insurance	6961	231	3.3	6730	96.7	<0.0001 **
Healthcare Coverage	Medical aid	629	97	15.4	532	84.6	<0.0001 **
Provider region	Daegu	2696	79	2.9	2617	97.1	<0.0001 **
	Gyeongbuk	1421	146	10.3	1275	89.7
	Others	3473	103	3.0	3370	97.0
Cancer	No	7308	312	4.3	6996	95.7	0.2551
Cancer	Yes	282	16	5.7	266	94.3	0.2551
COPD	No	7031	296	4.2	6735	95.8	0.0901
COPD	Yes	559	32	5.7	527	94.3	0.0901
Ischemic heart disease	No	7440	321	4.3	7119	95.7	0.8337
Ischemic heart disease	Yes	150	7	4.7	143	95.3	0.8337
Hypertension	No	6627	255	3.8	6372	96.2	<0.0001 **
Hypertension	Yes	963	73	7.6	890	92.4	<0.0001 **
Diabetes	No	6986	282	4.0	6704	96.0	<0.0001 **
Diabetes	Yes	604	46	7.6	558	92.4	<0.0001 **
Heart failure ^†	No	7543	325	4.3	7218	95.7	0.4565
Heart failure ^†	Yes	47	3	6.4	44	93.6	0.4565
Chronic kidney disease ^†	No	7548	324	4.3	7224	95.7	0.1063
Chronic kidney disease ^†	Yes	42	4	9.5	38	90.5	0.1063
Stroke	No	7427	317	4.3	7110	95.7	0.1234
Stroke	Yes	163	11	6.7	152	93.3	0.1234
Asthma	No	7395	318	4.3	7077	95.7	0.5746
Asthma	Yes	195	10	5.1	185	94.9	0.5746
Dementia	No	7357	304	4.1	7053	95.9	<0.0001 **
Dementia	Yes	233	24	10.3	209	89.7	<0.0001 **
Parkinson’s disease ^†	No	7544	322	4.3	7222	95.7	0.0135 *
Parkinson’s disease ^†	Yes	46	6	13.0	40	87.0	0.0135 *
Liver cirrhosis	No	7238	317	4.4	6921	95.6	0.2583
Liver cirrhosis	Yes	352	11	3.1	341	96.9	0.2583
Number of underlying diseases	0	4949	157	3.2	4792	96.8	<0.0001 **
Number of underlying diseases	≥1	2641	171	6.5	2470	93.5	<0.0001 **
CCI Score	0	7500	301	4.0	7199	96.0	<0.0001 **
	1	75	22	29.3	53	70.7
	≥2	15	5	33.3	10	66.7
Lopinavir/ritonavir use	No	4976	181	3.6	4795	96.4	<0.0001 **
Lopinavir/ritonavir use	Yes	2614	147	5.6	2467	94.4	<0.0001 **
HCQ use	No	5599	269	4.8	5330	95.2	0.0005
HCQ use	Yes	1991	59	3.0	1932	97.0	0.0005
Chest X-ray	No	2172	45	2.1	2127	97.9	<0.0001 **
Chest X-ray	Yes	5418	283	5.2	5135	94.8	<0.0001 **
Chest CT	No	5219	177	3.4	5042	96.6	<0.0001 **
Chest CT	Yes	2699	151	5.6	2548	94.4	<0.0001 **
ICU admission	No	6794	290	4.3	6504	95.7	0.5070
ICU admission	Yes	796	38	4.8	758	95.2	0.5070
Length of stay in first admission, days ^‡		17.0 (10.0–24.0)	9.0 (1.0–18.0)		17.0 (10.0–24.0)		<0.0001 **

Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CCI Score, Charlson Comorbidity Index Score; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; CT, computed tomography; ICU, intensive care unit. * p-value < 0.05, ** p-value < 0.01, ^† Fisher’s exact test, ^‡ Wilcoxon test, Length of stay in first admission is the median value (interquartile range).