Table 1.
The inferred protein families of toxin candidates from the A. lactifloreus proboscis transcriptome. The original taxon in which the family was identified is named and, if known, its activity is described. The numbers of transcripts that survived our filter criteria are given (Similar or higher e-values and bitscore values compared to SwissProt annotations and in alignments). Numbers in brackets indicate the overall number of transcripts annotated via ToxProt (Table S1). The expression levels in transcripts per million (TPM) are only provided for validated transcripts. Protein families in bold were also identified in the mucus proteome and asterisks (*) indicate families with at least one identical transcript in both the proboscis transcriptome and mucus proteome (Figure 2).
| ToxProt Annotation | Protein Family, “Actual” Scaffold | Original Taxon Source | Presumed Activity | Transcripts Included/(All) | Expression TPMs (Sum) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Toxin Candidates | |||||
| Actitoxin-like* (Nemertotoxin 2) | Actitoxins, Kunitz-BPTI | Sea anemones | Possible neurotoxicity | 10/(32) | 1052.76 |
| Delta-actitoxin-like | Actitoxins, Kunitz-BPTI | Sea anemones | Possible neurotoxicity | 2/(2) | 134.56 |
| Conotoxin-like | Conotoxin-like ICK 4-C scaffold | Mollusks | Possible neurotoxicity | 1/(3) | 19.74 |
| Conotoxin-like | Xibalbin1-like ICK 8-C scaffold | Mollusks | Possible neurotoxicity | 2/(3) | 19.74 |
| Plancitoxin-like* (Nemertotoxin 1) | DNase II | Starfishes | Possible hepatotoxicity | 7/(7) | 29.17 |
| Putative calcium channel toxin Tx758-like | ICK, knottin cysteine rich | Scorpions | Possible neurotoxicity | 1/(1) | 85.10 |
| Kunitz-type U1 aranetoxin-like | Kunitz-BPTI, cysteine-rich | Spiders | Possible neurotoxicity | 1/(1) | 9.42 |
| Proteinase Candidates | |||||
| Astacin-like metalloproteinase* | Metalloproteinase M12A | Diverse species | Proteinase activity | 8/(52) | 2597.43 |
| Nematocyst expressed protein 6 | Metalloproteinase M12A | Cnidarians | Proteinase activity | 1/(36) | 29.92 |
| Metalloproteinase zinc-disintegrin | Metalloproteinase ADAM | Diverse species | Proteinase activity | 1/(23) | 0.07 |
| Enzyme Candidates | |||||
| Venom allergen 5 | CAP, Cysteine-rich | Diverse species | Enzymatic | 1/(5) | 1.76 |
| C-type lectin (lectotoxin) | Lectins, C-type lectin | Diverse species | Enzymatic | 3/(14) | 5.5 |
| Galactose-specific lectin* (nattectin) | Lectins, C-type lectin | Diverse species | Enzymatic | 2/(11) | 3.20 |
| Calglandulin* | Calglandulins, EF-hand motif | Diverse species | Enzymatic | 3/(75) | 8.58 |
| Cysteine-rich protein | Diverse, cysteine-rich | Diverse species | Enzymatic | 2/(25) | 16.89 |
| Hyaluronidase (Conhyal-Cn1) | Hyaluronidase | Diverse species | Enzymatic | 6/(9) | 10.68 |
| Kunitz-type serine proteinase inhibitor | Serpin | Diverse species | Enzymatic | 3/(3) | 20.81 |
| Phospholipase A2 | Phospholipase A2 | Diverse species | Enzymatic | 4/(6) | 713.59 |
| Snaclec bitiscetin | Lectins | Diverse species | Enzymatic | 4/(5) | 4.38 |
| Snaclec coagulation factor | Lectins | Diverse species | Enzymatic | 3/(4) | 3.05 |
| Snake venom metalloproteinase inhibitor | SVMP | Diverse species | Proteinase activity | 3/(7) | 8.15 |
| Snake venom 5 nucleotidase | 5-Nuclease | Snakes | Proteinase activity | 3/(4) | 15.43 |
| Other Protein Candidates | |||||
| Vascular endothelial growth factor | Growth factors | Diverse species | Possible spreading factor | 1/(2) | 4.42 |
| Venom nerve growth factor | Growth factors | Diverse species | Possible spreading factor | 1/(2) | 10.16 |
| Insulin-like growth factor (IGFVB) | Growth factors | Diverse species | Possible spreading factor | 3/(49) | 3 |
| Neuropeptide prohormone-4 | Hormone precursor | Diverse species | Possible spreading factor | 2/(7) | 155.35 |
Asterisks (*) indicate families with at least one identical transcript in both the proboscis transcriptome and mucus proteome.