Table 1.
Information about the participants from each site (last column indicates the results of the chi-square (χ2) test; ** p < 0.01).
| Personal Characteristics | Seoul | London | São Paulo | Total | χ2 Test |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | p > 0.05 | ||||
| Male | 58 (49.6%) |
72 (50.0%) |
45 (44.1%) |
175 (48.2%) |
|
| Female | 59 (50.4%) |
72 (50.0%) |
57 (55.9%) |
188 (51.8%) |
|
| Total | 117 | 144 | 102 | 363 | |
| Age (years) | p > 0.05 | ||||
| 18 to 35 | 57 (48.7%) |
49 (34.0%) |
50 (49.0%) |
156 (43.0%) |
|
| 36 to 50 | 43 (36.8%) |
50 (34.7%) |
25 (24.5%) |
118 (32.5%) |
|
| 51 to 64 | 16 (13.7%) |
41 (28.5%) |
23 (22.5%) |
80 (22.0%) |
|
| 65 or over | 1 (0.9%) |
4 (2.8%) |
4 (3.9%) |
9 (2.5%) |
|
| Type of dwelling | ** | ||||
| Flats | 115 (98.3%) |
85 (59.0%) |
76 (74.54%) |
276 (76.0%) |
|
| Semi-detached house | 1 (0.9%) |
28 (19.4%) |
17 (16.7%) |
46 (12.7%) |
|
| Terraced house | 0 (0.0%) |
26 (18.1%) |
2 (2.0%) |
28 (7.7%) |
|
| Detached house | 1 (0.9%) |
5 (3.5%) |
7 (6.9%) |
13 (3.6%) |
|
| Room where most time is spent during the day | p > 0.05 | ||||
| Living room | 77 (65.8%) |
100 (69.4%) |
70 (68.6%) |
247 (68.0%) |
|
| Home office | 13 (11.1%) |
8 (5.6%) |
12 (11.8%) |
33 (9.1%) |
|
| Bedroom | 27 (23.1%) |
36 (25.0%) |
20 (19.6%) |
83 (22.9%) |
|
| Education | ** | ||||
| School level | 14 (12.0%) |
54 (37.5%) |
4 (3.9%) |
72 (19.8%) |
|
| University level | 103 (88.0%) |
90 (62.5%) |
98 (96.1%) |
291 (80.2%) |
|
| Employment | ** | ||||
| Full time | 55 (47.0%) |
64 (44.4%) |
65 (63.7%) |
184 (50.7%) |
|
| Part time | 15 (12.8%) |
20 (13.9%) |
7 (6.9%) |
42 (11.6%) |
|
| Self-employed | 5 (4.3%) |
16 (11.1%) |
20 (19.6%) |
41 (11.3%) |
|
| Unemployed | 4 (3.4%) |
14 (9.7%) |
2 (2.0%) |
20 (5.5%) |
|
| Student | 12 (10.3%) |
12 (8.3%) |
7 (6.9%) |
31 (8.5%) |
|
| Homemaker | 26 (22.2%) |
10 (6.9%) |
0 (0.0%) |
36 (9.9%) |
|
| Retired | 0 (0.0%) |
8 (5.6%) |
1 (1.0%) |
9 (2.5%) |
|
| Annual household income | ** | ||||
| <£10,700 (₩ 30,000,000, R$10,500) | 15 (12.8%) |
12 (8.3%) |
16 (15.7%) |
43 (11.8%) |
|
| £10,700–£53,500 (₩ 80,000,000, R$52,500) | 68 (58.1%) |
77 (53.5%) |
33 (32.4%) |
178 (49.0%) |
|
| £53,500–£107,700 (₩ 100,000,000, R$105,000) | 26 (22.2%) |
33 (22.9%) |
21 (20.6%) |
80 (22.0%) |
|
| > | 3 (2.6%) |
5 (3.5%) |
27 (26.5%) |
35 (9.6%) |
|
| Not known | 5 (4.3%) |
17 (11.8%) |
5 (4.9%) |
27 (7.4%) |
|
| People you live with | ** | ||||
| No one | 16 (13.7%) |
36 (25.0%) |
16 (15.7%) |
68 (18.7%) |
|
| With people who are not your family | 2 (1.7%) |
25 (17.4%) |
9 (8.8%) |
36 (9.9%) |
|
| With family including children under 12 years old | 31 (26.5%) |
29 (20.1%) |
12 (11.8%) |
72 (19.8%) |
|
| With family including children 12 years old | 17 (14.5%) |
24 (16.7%) |
12 (11.8%) |
53 (14.6%) |
|
| With family but without children | 51 (43.6%) |
30 (20.8%) |
53 (52.0%) |
134 (36.9%) |