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(a) Formaldehyde and (b) acetaldehyde levels (µg/puff) generated by combinations of base materials (100% VG, PG:VG 1:1 (v/v), and 100% PG) and device power outputs (6.4, 14.7, and 31.3 watt for low, medium, and high power, respectively). 90 mL puff volume, 3.8 s puff duration, and 24 s intervals was used as vaping topography, and 12 mg/mL nicotine was added into all e-liquids.
