Table 2.
Impact of vaping topography on carbonyl levels in e-vapor (mean ± standard deviation, ng/puff).
| Carbonyl | Puff Volume and Duration † | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 35 mL | 90 mL | 170 mL | ||||
| 2 s | 3.8 s | 2 s | 3.8 s | 2 s | 3.8 s | |
| n = 3 | n = 3 | n = 3 | n = 5 | n = 3 | n = 3 | |
| Glyoxal | ND †† | ND †† | ND †† | ND †† | ND †† | ND †† |
| Formaldehyde | 683.0 ± 32.3 | 730.0 ± 53.8 | 790.0 ± 32.3 | 903.0 ± 56.2 | 747.0 ± 47.2 | 867.0 ± 32.7 |
| Acetaldehyde | 41.0 ± 9.35 | 39.9 ± 4.35 | <LOQ †††† | 91.7 ± 18.1 | <LOQ †††† | 47.1 ± 1.14 |
| Acetone | <LOQ †††† | <LOD ††† | <LOQ †††† | <LOD ††† | <LOQ †††† | <LOD ††† |
| Acrolein | 17.6 ± 1.32 | 32.0 ± 1.81 | 32.7 ± 1.27 | <LOQ | 28.9 ± 0.52 | 38.1 ± 1.52 |
| Propionaldehyde | ND †† | ND †† | ND †† | ND †† | ND †† | ND †† |
| Crotonaldehyde | 56.4 ± 3.82 | 34.9 ± 28.9 | 40.8 ± 0.56 | 29.8 ± 6.02 | 42.4 ± 0.67 | ND †† |
| n-Butylaldehyde | ND †† | ND †† | ND †† | ND †† | ND †† | 37.9 ± 1.80 |
| Benzaldehyde | 45.8 ± 1.41 | 31.4 ± 4.14 | 32.5 ± 0.46 | 23.1 ± 12.4 | 30.3 ± 2.45 | 29.5 ± 2.47 |
| Isovaleraldehyde | ND †† | 23.3 ± 5.56 | 33.4 ± 0.57 | ND †† | ND †† | 34.0 ± 1.55 |
| n-Valeraldehyde | 32.9 ± 12.8 | ND †† | 30.7 ± 2.18 | 81.1 ± 19.4 | 29.4 ± 0.92 | ND †† |
| o-Tolualdehyde | 134.1 ± 4.2 | 95.3 ± 17.9 | 196.0 ± 4.38 | ND †† | 186.0 ± 1.11 | 114. ± 4.19 |
| p-Tolualdehyde | 17.1 ± 0.26 | 21.6 ± 3.22 | 17.1 ± 0.18 | 18.1 ± 1.63 | 17.8 ± 0.15 | 20.4 ± 1.89 |
| n-Hexaldehyde | ND †† | 128.0 ± 8.06 | ND †† | 248.0 ± 65.1 | ND †† | 413.0 ± 4.65 |
| Dimethylbenzaldehyde | 33.1 ± 4.33 | ND †† | 28.4 ± 1.02 | ND †† | ND †† | ND †† |
† 6.4 W power output, 1.5 mm air hole, VG based e-liquid containing 12 mg/mL nicotine, and 24 s puff interval were used; †† ND indicates non-detected; ††† <LOD indicates the measurement which is below the detection limit; †††† <LOQ indicates the measurement which is below the quantification limit.