. 2020 Jul 30;10(8):1307. doi: 10.3390/ani10081307

Table 3.

Change of total small (<C10), medium (<C16 and >C10) and long chain (>C16) fatty acids of milk during dietary adaptation to either herbage-only (HO) or herbage + fodder beet bulb (FBH) diets.

Adaptation Stage ¹	Stage 1		SE ²	Stage 2		SE	Stage 3		SE	p-Value
Adaptation Stage ¹	HO	FBH	SE ²	HO	FBH	SE	HO	FBH	SE	Diet	Stage	Period	D × S ⁴
g/100g of FA
Σ Small chain	7.26 ^a	7.41 ^a	0.108	7.42 ^a	6.81 ^b	0.153	7.26 ^a	7.23 ^a	0.216	0.37	0.22	0.11	*
Σ Long chain	32.8 ^b	28.2 ^a	1.47	32.4 ^b	28.0 ^a	2.07	26.4 ^a	23.5 ^a	2.93	*	0.08	0.86	0.94
Σ Med chain	52.3 ^a	55.8 ^ab	1.24	52.6 ^a	57.4 ^ab	1.75	58.7 ^b	60.6 ^b	2.47	*	*	0.82	0.80
Σ Branched	2.02 ^a	1.88 ^a	0.060	2.94 ^a	1.97 ^a	0.084	1.75 ^ab	1.71 ^ab	0.119	0.27	0.08	0.79	0.54
Σ Trans	3.58	3.49	0.234	3.77	3.17	0.331	2.57	2.67	0.468	0.42	0.06	0.13	0.59
Σ Saturated	69.8 ^b	72.5 ^a	1.13	69.8 ^b	73.2 ^a	1.60	75.3 ^a	75.8 ^a	2.26	*	0.06	0.84	0.75
Σ MUFA	22.0 ^b	19.1 ^a	1.11	21.7 ^b	18.8 ^a	1.56	17.1 ^ab	16.0 ^a	2.21	*	0.09	0.75	0.87
Σ PUFA	2.35	2.35	0.093	2.56	2.19	0.132	2.10	2.07	0.186	0.29	0.19	0.38	0.30
C4	3.63 ^a	3.37 ^b	0.104	3.66 ^a	3.10 ^b	0.147	3.50 ^a	3.42 ^ab	0.208	**	0.61	*	0.33
C6	2.26 ^b	2.43 ^a	0.038	2.33 ^a	2.28 ^a	0.054	2.33 ^a	2.35 ^a	0.076	*	0.73	0.38	0.06
C8	1.38 ^b	1.61 ^a	0.044	1.44 ^a	1.42 ^a	0.062	1.43 ^a	1.46 ^a	0.087	**	0.50	0.53	0.07
C10	3.47 ^b	4.38 ^a	0.177	3.63 ^a	3.89 ^a	0.251	3.93 ^a	4.33^a	0.355	**	0.50	0.56	0.32
C10:1	0.26 ^b	0.32 ^a	0.013	0.28 ^a	0.28 ^a	0.019	0.28 ^a	0.28 ^a	0.027	*	0.79	0.53	0.15
C12	4.32 ^b	5.49 ^a	0.285	4.25 ^a	4.92 ^a	0.404	5.01 ^a	5.67 ^a	0.571	**	0.32	0.32	0.72
C14	12.3 ^a	13.5 ^b	0.36	12.4 ^a	13.7 ^b	0.51	14.0 ^b	14.4 ^bc	0.73	**	0.09	0.36	0.78
C14:1 cis 9	0.65 ^a	0.90 ^b	0.063	0.76 ^a	0.84 ^b	0.089	0.59 ^a	0.86 ^b	0.126	*	0.73	0.18	0.37
C16:0	29.7 ^a	30.7 ^a	0.71	30.0 ^a	32.7 ^a	0.98	33.9 ^b	34.4 ^b	1.38	0.08	**	0.84	0.57
C16:1	1.11	1.12	0.066	1.10	1.11	0.093	0.99	1.13	0.132	0.69	0.81	0.06	0.76
C18:0	9.90 ^a	8.34 ^b	0.424	9.62 ^a	8.56 ^a	0.599	8.57 ^a	7.00 ^a	0.847	**	0.14	0.77	0.89
C18:1 trans 9	0.14	0.13	0.004	0.13	0.12	0.006	0.12	0.11	0.008	0.06	0.07	0.06	0.90
C18:1 trans 11	3.44	3.36	0.232	3.64	3.05	0.328	2.45	2.55	0.464	0.43	0.07	0.14	0.60
C18:1 cis 9	16.3 ^b	13.5 ^a	1.03	15.8 ^a	13.5 ^a	1.46	12.5 ^a	11.2 ^a	2.07	*	0.20	0.56	0.90
C18:1 cis 11	0.60 ^b	0.52 ^a	0.025	0.57 ^a	0.52 ^a	0.025	0.55 ^a	0.51 ^a	0.050	*	0.80	0.34	0.79
C18:2 cis 9, 12	0.49	0.46	0.018	0.51	0.46	0.026	0.53	0.54	0.036	0.09	0.17	0.66	0.63
C18:3 cis 9, 12, 15	0.69	0.66	0.033	0.76	0.67	0.047	0.79	0.69	0.067	0.17	0.39	0.98	0.66
CLA ³	1.18 ^a	1.23 ^a	0.080	1.29 ^a	1.06 ^a	0.113	0.80 ^b	0.85 ^b	0.160	0.79	*	0.26	0.35

^a–b means in the same row with different superscripts differ (p < 0.05). p < 0.05 *; p < 0.01**; p < 0.001 ***. ¹ Stage one: transition to FB allocation days 1–12; stage two: days 13–17; stage three: days 18–20. ² SE: standard error of estimated marginal means. ³ CLA: conjugated linoleic acid cis 9 trans 11. ⁴ Diet by stage interaction.