Table 3.
Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Quality appraisal for cohort studies.
| Selection | Comparability | Exposure | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study | Representativeness of Exposed Cohort | Selection of Non-Exposed Cohort | Ascertainment of Exposure | Outcome of Interest nor Present at Start | Study Controls for Age/Gender | Study Controls for Additional Factor | Assessment of Outcome | Long Enough Follow-Up | Adequate Follow-Up | Score |
| Barbero et al. [10] | ★ | ★ | ★ | 3/3 | ||||||
| Lluch-Girbés et al. [20] | ★ | ★ | ★ | 3/3 | ||||||
| Falla et al. [21] | ★ | ★ | ★ | 3/3 | ||||||
| Palacios-Ceña et al. [22] | ★ | ★ | ★ | 3/3 | ||||||
| Barbero et al. [23] | ★ | ★ | ★ | 3/3 | ||||||
| Cruder et al. [24] | ★ | ★ | ★ | 3/3 | ||||||
| Fernández-de-las-Peñas et al. [25] | ★ | ★ | ★ | 3/3 | ||||||
| Fernández-de-las-Peñas et al. [26] | ★ | ★ | ★ | 3/3 | ||||||
| Ris et al. [29] | ★ | ★ | ★ | 3/3 | ||||||
| Abichandani et al. [27] | ★ | ★ | 2/3 | |||||||
| Willet et al. [28] | ★ | ★ | ★ | 3/3 | ||||||
3/3 was considered a good quality cross-sectional cohort study; 2/3 was fair; 1/3 was considered poor quality.