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. 2020 Aug 17;21(16):5906. doi: 10.3390/ijms21165906

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Enzymatic activity of prolidase affects various cellular processes. Prolidase supplies substrates for collagen resynthesis. Proline, the product of prolidase activity, modulates intracellular energetic status via Akt/mTOR pathway, inhibits HIF-1α degradation, and mediates in proline cycle, regulating mitochondrial metabolism. Circled ‘P’ presents phosphorylation event. PEPD—prolidase, Gly-Pro—glycyl-proline, mTOR—mammalian target of rapamycin, Akt—protein kinase B, PI3K—phosphoinositide 3-kinase, HIF-1α—hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, VEGF—vascular endothelial growth factor, Glut-1—glucose transporter 1, NF-κβ—nuclear factor κβ, α-KG—α-ketoglutarate, P5C—pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid, Pro—proline, Gly—glycine, PYCR1/2/L—pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid reductases, Orn—ornithine, Glu—glutamate, Gln—glutamine, PRODH/POX—proline dehydrogenase/proline oxidase, TCA cycle—tricarboxylic acid cycle, ROS—reactive oxygen species, ATP—adenosine triphosphate, NADPH—reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, NADP+—nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, NADH—reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NAD+—nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Created with BioRender.com.