Table 2.
Levels of APC, sEPCR, and sTM (median and 25th−75th percentile) in lower extremity VTE patients and controls according to PROCR haplotypes and the THBD c.1418C>T polymorphism. The association of APC, sEPCR, and sTM with VTE were assessed comparing the levels of each marker between the two clinical groups using the Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test and differences within the groups were assessed using the Kruskal–Wallis test. All samples were measured in duplicate. Results were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. All statistical analyses were performed using R (version 3.5.1).
| Genotype | APC (ng/mL) | sEPCR (ng/mL) | sTM (ng/mL) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Patients | n | Controls | M-W Test p | n | Patients | n | Controls | M-W Test p | n | Patients | n | Controls | M-W Test p | |
| All | 98 | 1.05 (0.83–1.23) | 153 | 1.25 (1.08–1.60) | <0.0001 | 94 | 102.0 (84.0–122.0) | 153 | 100.0 (82.0–130.0) | 0.7720 | 53 | 4.16 (3.69–4.73) | 129 | 3.77 (3.33–4.44) | 0.0205 |
| HxHx | 20 | 0.91 (0.68–1.07) | 32 | 1.10 (0.90–1.53) | 0.0229 | 19 | 80.0 (70.0–100.0) | 32 | 87.0 (73.5–106.5) | 0.4770 | 12 | 4.17 (3.62–4.55) | 28 | 3.92 (3.50–4.70) | 0.7455 |
| HxH1 | 40 | 1.09 (0.95–1.23) | 60 | 1.26 (1.15–1.52) | <0.0001 | 38 | 94.5 (85.5–112.0) | 60 | 96.0 (81.0–112.5) | 0.8354 | 25 | 4.08 (3.37–4.42) | 52 | 3.76 (3.23–4.41) | 0.2534 |
| H1H1 | 20 | 1.23 (1.15–1.44) | 32 | 1.31 (1.11–1.72) | 0.5472 | 20 | 100.5 (86.5–116.0) | 32 | 90.5 (80.5–111.5) | 0.4806 | 8 | 4.29 (3.95–4.84) | 26 | 3.72 3.07–4.34) | 0.0490 |
| K-W test p | 0.0004 | 0.0482 | 0.0171 | 0.2222 | 0.5129 | 0.4800 | |||||||||
| H1H3 | 7 | 0.97 (0.89–1.03) | 20 | 1.29 (1.10–1.72) | 0.0026 | 6 | 260.0 (234.0–294.0) | 20 | 251.5 (208.5–281.0) | 0.5838 | 5 | 5.90 (3.59–6.25) | 17 | 3.84 (3.43–4.54) | 0.1367 |
| HxHx | 20 | 0.91 (0.68–1.07) | 32 | 1.10 (0.90–1.53) | 0.0229 | 19 | 80.0 (70.0–100.0) | 32 | 87.0 (73.5–106.5) | 0.4770 | 12 | 4.17 (3.62–4.55) | 28 | 3.92 (3.49–4.70) | 0.7455 |
| HxH3 | 7 | 0.79 (0.77–0.88) | 9 | 1.30 (1.09–1.83) | 0.0002 | 7 | 261.0 (234.0–297.0) | 9 | 215.0 (205.0–307.5) | 0.6806 | 1 | 3.73 | 6 | 3.74 (3.47–4.23) | -- |
| H3H3 | 4 | 0.45 (0.20–0.75) | 0 | -- | -- | 4 | 498.5 (488.5–543.0) | 0 | -- | -- | 2 | 5.16 | 0 | -- | -- |
| K-W test p | 0.0008 | -- | <0.0001 | -- | 0.3450 | -- | |||||||||
| c.1418CC | 45 | 1.03 (0.83–1.28) | 99 | 1.24 (1.07–1.60) | 0.0002 | 43 | 101.0 (80.0–122.0) | 99 | 101.0 (82.0–160.0) | 0.3928 | 43 | 4.27 (3.85–4.82) | 87 | 3.82 (3.51–4.50) | 0.0495 |
| c.1418CT | 10 | 1.05 (0.95–1.37) | 43 | 1.29 (1.09–1.62) | 0.0673 | 9 | 109.0 (93.0–175.5) | 43 | 100.0 (82.0–115.0) | 0.2818 | 8 | 4.00 (3.44–4.27) | 33 | 3.80 (3.32–4.48) | 0.8051 |
| c.1418TT | 1 | 1.23 | 10 | 1.29 (1.16–1.66) | -- | 1 | 81.0 | 10 | 92.5 (68.0–154.0) | -- | 1 | 2.47 | 9 | 3.00 (2.60–3.45) | -- |
| K-W test p | 0.6866 | 0.7600 | 0.4530 | 0.5174 | 0.1338 | 0.0032 | |||||||||
x ≠ 1 and 3. APC indicates activated protein C; M-W, Mann–Whitney U; K–W, Kruskal–Wallis; sEPCR, soluble endothelial protein C receptor; sTM, soluble thrombomodulin.