Figure 1.

Consequences of the influence of hypoxia on the chemokine system in a tumor. A tumor or metastasis are initiated by a single cell that begins to divide uncontrollably. During the growth of the tumor, chronic hypoxia appears in the center of the tumor, which increases the concentration of chemokines in the tumor microenvironment and chemokine receptors on cancer cells. The activation of chemokine receptors on the cancer cell causes their migration. Chemokines cause angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and recruitment of tumor-associated cells to areas with chronic hypoxia.