Table 2.

Synthetic molecules which enhance AMPK activation.

Used Components	Applications/Outcomes of the Experiment	References
Name of the Chemical: A-769662	-AMPK-α1 was activated.	[56]
Name of the Chemical: AA005	-AMPK activation was noticed causing by 2-deoxyglucose regulation.	[112]
Name of the Chemical: AICAR	-The treatment resulted in significant induction AMPK inside melanoma cells.	[113]
Name of the Chemical: TSC2-pS1387	-AMPK is induced upon insulin induction in Raptor knockdown cells.	[114]
Name of the Chemical: Rb2 and Rd	-The phosphorylation of AMPK was increased by Rb2 in HepG2 cells.	[115]
Name of the Chemical: Baicalin	-Baicalin activated CaMKKβ/AMPK/ACC pathway in a dose-response pattern in high fat diet-induced obese animal.	[116]
Name of the Chemical: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids	-Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids activation of AMPK/SIRT1 pathway was noticed in Macrophage.	[117]
Name of the Chemical: Tangeretin	-Regulation of AMPK signaling pathways in C2C12 myotubes was reported in high-fat diet-induced obese mice.	[118]
Name of the Chemical: Oleuropein	- Oleuropein activated AMPK in C2C12 muscle cells.	[119]
Name of the Chemical: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog Liraglutide	-Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog Liraglutide induced AMPK dependent mechanism Endothelial cell.	[120]
Name of the Chemical: Sildenafil	- Sildenafil enhanced mechanism in a demyelination model.	[121]
Name of the Chemical: Curcumin	-Curcumin induced AMPK–SREBP signaling pathway in Streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic rats.	[122]
Name of the Chemical: Metformin and Telmisartan	-Activation of the AMPK-PARP1 cascade was observed by Metformin and Telmisartan.	[123]
Name of the Chemical: Lipoic acid	-Lipoic acid triggered AMPK production in adipose tissue of low- and high-fat-fed rats.	[124]
Name of the Chemical: Mangiferin	-Activation of AMPK was reported by Mangiferin in hyperlipidemic rats.	[125]
Name of the Chemical: Capsaicin	-Capsaicin interacted with reactive oxygen species (ROS)/AMPK/p38 MAPK pathway.	[126]
Name of the Chemical: ETC-1002	-ETC-1002 responded LKB1-dependent activation of macrophage AMPK.	[127]
Name of the Chemical: CTRP1 Protein	-CTRP1 protein enhanced AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation in diet-induced weight gain in mice.	[128]
Name of the Chemical: Compound K	-Compound K interacted with AMPK/JNK pathway in type 2 diabetic mice and in MIN6 β-cells.	[129]
Name of the Chemical: Ramipril	-Ramipril interacted with CaMKKβ/AMPK and Heme Oxygenase-1 activation in cultured human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) and a type-2 diabetic animal model.	[130]
Name of the Chemical: Compounds designated as 4a, 4b, 4h, 4j, 4k, 4z, 4aa, 4bb	-Compounds potently activated AMPK against colorectal cancer stem cells.	[131]
Name of the Chemical: Imiquimod	-Imiquimod activated AMPK in skin cancer cells.	[132]
Name of the Chemical: Tris (1, 3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP)	-TDCIPP promoted AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathways in SH-SY5Y cells.	[133]
Name of the Chemical: Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21)	-FGF21 activates AMPK signaling in hepatic cells.	[134]
Name of the Chemical: Pterostilbene	-Activation of AMPK was found by Pterostilbene in human prostate cancer cells.	[135]
Name of the Chemical: Thalidezine	-Thalidezine acted as AMPK activator in apoptosis-resistant cells.	[136]
Name of the Chemical: Rutaecarpine and its novel analogues (R17 and R18)	-Rutaecarpine analogues helped in AMPK activation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.	[137]
Name of the Chemical: Nitroxoline	-Nitroxoline showed a crucial role on AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway in both hormone-sensitive (LNCaP) and hormone-refractory prostate cancer cells (PC-3 and DU-145).	[138]
Name of the Chemical: Fidarestat	-Fidarestat regulated mitochondrial Nrf2/HO-1/AMPK pathway in colon cancer cells.	[139]
Name of the Chemical: Methylisoindigo	-Meisoindigo activated AMPK cascade in primary PDAC cell line.	[140]
Name of the Chemical: (E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl) acrylamide (SC-III3)	-SC-III3 activated AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway by acting on mitochondria in human hepatoma HepG2 cells.	[141]
Name of the Chemical: Betulinic acid	-AMPK siRNA was observed in the microglial polarization.	[142]