Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2020 Aug 12;21(16):5786. doi: 10.3390/ijms21165786

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Representation of the metabolites and related pathways involved in angiogenesis in cancer. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can stimulate the generation of new vasculature through the upregulation of vasculature endothelial growth factor (VEGF) [28]. Conversely, the metabolite sodium butyrate (NaB) inhibits angiogenesis by modulating the expression of VEGF and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α in colon cancer cell line HT29 [33]. Lithocolic acid (LCA) promotes angiogenesis by upregulating extracellular signal-regulated kinases (Erk)1/2, driving to the suppression of Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation and enhanced expression of interleukin (IL)-8 in colorectal cancer cell line HCT116 [34].