Table 1.

miRNAs related to regulatory factors underlying keratinocyte differentiation and proliferation.

Regulatory Factor	miRNA	Target Molecule	Action Mechanism of miRNA	Reference
Calcium ↑	miR-203 ↑	SNAI2 and ΔNp63	Activation of the PKC and AP-1 pathway	[18]
		p63	Upregulation of JNK by galectin-7	[19]
			Increased keratinocyte differentiation with involucrin expression by oleic acid	[20]
		p63, Skp2 and Msi2	Promotion of cell cycle exit in mouse skin	[21]
	miR-574 ↑	p63	As direct targets of iASPP	[22]
	miR-720 ↑
	miR-24 ↑	PAK4	Control of actin cable formation	[23]
	miR-23b-3p ↑	TGIF1	Interference in TGF-β/SMAD signaling	[24]
	miR-378b ↑	NKX3.1		[25]
	miR-30a ↑	LOX, IDH1, AVEN	Barrier function defects in aged epidermis	[26]
	miR-184 ↑		Upregulation of cyclin E and p21 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor in a SOCE-dependent manner	[27]
	miR-181a ↑		cell differentiation under high calcium or UVA exposure	[28,29]
	miR-125b ↑	p63	cell differentiation and proliferation in Hailey-Hailey disease	[30]
		Notch
p63 ↑	miR-944 ↑		Upregulation of K1 and K10 by ERK inhibition and p53 upregulation	[31]
p63 ↓	miR-17/miR-20b /miR-106a ↓	p21, RB, and JNK2	Upregulation of K1 and K10	[32]
Notch ↑	miR-184 ↑	K15 and FIH1	Enhancing the Notch pathway	[33]
miRNAs targeted by p63	miR-34a ↑	SIRT6	miR-34a and miR-34c as direct targets of p63	[34,35]
	miR-34a ↑	KLK4	Induction of a senescent phenotype in keratinocytes	[36]

↑: upregulation (increase), ↓: downregulation (decrease).