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. 2020 Aug 8;21(16):5679. doi: 10.3390/ijms21165679

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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A model of cell wall reinforcement and regulation of stress condition mediated by the phenylpropane pathways and growth regulators in avocado somatic embryogenesis. In dicots, ferulic acid is bound to pectic polysaccharides, including the C-2 hydroxyl group of arabinofuranose (Arb) and C-6 hydroxyl group of galactopyranose (Gal). Peroxidases (POX) catalyze the oxidation of ferulic acid, leading the formation of ferulic acid dehydrodimers. The depiction of ferulic acid in the cell wall modified from Mathew and Abrahan [43].