Schematic representation of the main epigenetic mechanisms involved in inflammasome activation. DNA methylation, histones post-translational modifications (PTMs) and microRNA-based regulation exert epigenetic control on the level of inflammasome activity, whose dysregulation may result in the development of inflammasome-related diseases. DNMT, DNA methyltransferases; HAT, histone deacetylases; HDAC, histone deacetylases; HMT, histone methyltransferases; HDM, histone demethylases; ASC, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD; NLR, NOD-like receptor and CAPS, cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes; DSS, dextran sulfate sodium.