| AA | African American |
| ATG | autophagy-related protein |
| DAPI | 4’,6-Diamidino-2-Phenylindole |
| HCQ | hydroxychloroquine |
| LC3 | microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 |
| mTOR | mammalian target of rapamycin |
| NHEK | normal human epidermal keratinocyte |
| PBS | phosphate-buffered saline |
| SL | senile lentigo |
| UV | ultraviolet |