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. 2020 Aug 8;21(16):5681. doi: 10.3390/ijms21165681

Figure 2.

Figure 2

6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ) stimulates gut colonization by beneficial microbiota. When the CYP1A1-mediated clearance of microbially produced FICZ in the intestinal epithelium is inhibited by for example dietary phytochemicals, drugs, or inflammatory mediators, this compound will bind to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in RORγt positive group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s). This stimulates them to secrete the interleukin IL-22 that signals to intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) to emit antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and mucins, which promote colonization by commensal bacteria.