TABLE 1.
Demographic and Health Characteristics of 12 133 Young Adult Participants in Add Health, Stratified by Legal PES Use
| Young Adult Men | Young Adult Women | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Legal PES Use | No Legal PES | P | Legal PES Use | No Legal PES | P | |
| n = 878 | n = 4640 | n = 89 | n = 6526 | |||
| Demographic characteristics (Wave III, 18–26 y) | ||||||
| Age, y, mean ± SE | 21.8 ± 0.1 | 21.9 ± 0.1 | .149 | 21.4 ± 0.3 | 21.7 ± 0.1 | .364 |
| Race and/or ethnicity, % | .002* | .222 | ||||
| White (non-Hispanic) | 77.9 | 67.1 | — | 74.3 | 68.6 | — |
| Black or African American (non-Hispanic) | 8.9 | 15.2 | — | 6.4 | 16.0 | — |
| Hispanic | 9.1 | 12.6 | — | 14.3 | 11.3 | — |
| Asian American or Pacific Islander (non-Hispanic) | 2.5 | 3.7 | — | 3.4 | 3.1 | — |
| American Indian | 0.5 | 0.6 | — | 1.6 | 0.5 | — |
| Other | 1.1 | 0.9 | — | 0.0 | 0.6 | — |
| Household income, US $ (Wave I), mean ± SE | 52 435 ± 2110 | 44 184 ± 1518 | <.001* | 58 547 ± 8696 | 46 645 ± 1523 | .171 |
| BMI, mean ± SE | 26.4 ± 0.2 | 26.4 ± 0.2 | .948 | 23.8 ± 0.8 | 26.4 ± 0.2 | .003* |
| Baseline substance use (ever use, Wave I, 11–18 y), % | ||||||
| Alcohol | 65.00 | 55.00 | <.001* | 64.10 | 55.30 | .233 |
| Cigarette | 64.5 | 57.0 | <.001* | 60.9 | 57.7 | .636 |
| Marijuana | 31.9 | 27.0 | .058 | 22.3 | 24.4 | .640 |
| Substance use outcomes (Wave IV, 24–32 y) | ||||||
| Alcohol, % | ||||||
| Binge drinking in past 12 mo | 70.8 | 55.3 | <.001* | 55.6 | 43.2 | .087 |
| Hurt or risky behaviors while under the influence of alcohol | 44.5 | 28.5 | <.001* | 39.2 | 23.2 | .027* |
| Legal problems while under influence of alcohol | 40.3 | 30.8 | .017* | 16.7 | 13.6 | .678 |
| Cut down on activities and socialization that interfere with alcohol use | 11.9 | 6.0 | <.001* | 9.4 | 3.4 | .264 |
| Continued to use alcohol despite emotional or physical health problems | 12.6 | 8.2 | .006* | 16.0 | 5.6 | .097 |
| Cigarette smoking in past 30 d, % | 39.7 | 43.1 | .186 | 27.6 | 34.2 | .302 |
| Marijuana use in past 30 d, % | 24.2 | 21.7 | .225 | 19.9 | 12.6 | .252 |
All means and percentages are calculated with weighted data to reflect the representative proportion in the target US population. —, not applicable.
*
P <.05