TABLE 4.
Clinical Characteristics of Infants Stratified by the Florida NAS Case Classification and CSTE NAS Case Classification
| Characteristics | Florida NAS Case Definitiona | CSTE NAS Case Definitionb | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Confirmed NAS (n = 138) | Suspect NAS (n = 3) | Monitor for NAS (n = 25) | No NAS (n = 37) | Confirmed (n = 97) | Probablec (n = 7) | Suspectd (n = 2) | No NAS (n = 97) | |
| NAS diagnosis by MD or nurse, n (%) | 136 (98.6) | 3 (100) | 4 (16.0) | 1 (2.1) | 97 (100) | 7 (100) | 1 (50.0) | 39 (40.2) |
| NICU admission, n (%) | 119 (86.2) | 1 (33.3) | 8 (32.0) | 5 (13.5) | 89 (91.8) | 6 (85.7) | 1 (50.0) | 37 (38.1) |
| Pharmacologic treatment, n (%) | 98 (71.0) | 1 (33.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 72 (74.2) | 5 (71.4) | 1 (50.0) | 21 (21.6) |
| At least 1 Finnegan score, n (%) | 134 (97.1) | 3 (100.0) | 4 (16.0) | 1 (2.7) | 95 (97.9) | 6 (85.7) | 0 (0) | 41 (42.3) |
| Mean length of stay, d (minimum–maximum)e | 20.5 (4–177) | 10.7 (5–22) | 9.4 (2–42) | 4.9 (2–60) | 21.2 (4–177) | 12.0 (4–16) | 27.0 (2–52) | 11.2 (2–87) |
| Median length of stay, d | 15 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 15 | 15 | 27 | 5 |
| Types of withdrawal signs, n (%) | ||||||||
| Increased muscle tone | 129 (95.6) | 2 (66.7) | 4 (16.7) | 1 (2.7) | 92 (94.8) | 7 (100) | 0 (0) | 35 (36.1) |
| Tremors | 129 (95.6) | 2 (66.7) | 4 (16.7) | 1 (2.7) | 90 (92.8) | 6 (85.7) | 2 (100) | 38 (39.2) |
| Hyperactive Moro reflex | 91 (75.2) | 0 (0) | 1 (4.2) | 0 (0) | 69 (71.1) | 1 (14.3) | 1 (50.0) | 21 (21.6) |
| No. withdrawal signs present,f,g n (%) | ||||||||
| 0 signs | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 20 (80.0) | 33 (89.2) | 1 (1.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 53 (54.6) |
| 1–5 signs | 13 (9.4) | 2 (66.7) | 3 (12.0) | 4 (10.8) | 9 (9.3) | 1 (14.3) | 2 (100) | 14 (14.4) |
| 6–11 signs | 35 (25.4) | 0 (0) | 2 (8.0) | 0 (0) | 55 (56.7) | 6 (85.7) | 0 (0) | 23 (23.7) |
| ≥12 signs | 90 (65.2) | 1 (33.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 32 (33.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 7 (7.2) |
Florida case classification is based on the Florida case definition (Table 1).
CSTE case classification is based on the CSTE case definition (Table 2).
Probable includes cases classified as probable type 1 and 2.
Suspect includes cases classified as suspect type 1 and 4.
One case with missing length of stay data is excluded from confirmed classifications.
The Florida case definition includes 22 withdrawal signs including the following: tremors, hypertonia, poor sleep, excessive sneezing, excessive sucking, increased respiratory rate, loose or watery stool, high-pitched cry, mottling, hyperactive Moro reflex, poor feeding, hyperthermia, excoriation, nasal stuffiness, regurgitation, sweating, frequent yawning, irritability, projectile vomiting, nasal flaring, myoclonic jerks, and generalized convulsions.
The CSTE case definition includes 17 withdrawal signs including the following: tremors, hypertonia, poor sleep, excessive sneezing, tachypnea, loose stool, high-pitched cry, hyperactive Moro reflex, cutaneous mottling, poor feeding, fever, nasal congestion, yawning, irritability, vomiting, myoclonus, and seizures.