TABLE 5.
Hierarchical Regression Analyses Predicting Cognitive and Clinical Outcomes Within the Subsample Diagnosed ≤96 Months
| Model | IQ Proxy | Vineland-II Social Outcomes | Vineland-II Adaptive Composite Outcomes | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |
| Intercept, β (SE) | 58.3** (19.6) | 76.1*** (20.8) | 39.5 (26.0) | 50.8* (25.0) | 54.9*** (10.3) | 84.4*** (9.1) | 90.2*** (11.3) | 91.9*** (11.3) | 58.4*** (9.8) | 88.3*** (9.4) | 90.6*** (11.7) | 93.3*** (11.6) |
| Income, β (SE) | 1.9 (1.8) | 1.5 (1.9) | 1.1 (1.9) | 0.1 (1.8) | 1.0 (1.0) | 0.4 (0.8) | 0.4 (0.8) | 0.3 (0.8) | 0.7 (0.9) | −0.2 (0.9) | −0.2 (0.9) | −0.4 (0.9) |
| Sex: female, β (SE) | 0.6 (4.7) | −1.2 (5.2) | −2.0 (5.2) | −2.6 (4.9) | −1.8 (2.4) | 0.7 (2.2) | 0.8 (2.2) | 0.8 (2.2) | −1.1 (2.2) | 1.2 (2.2) | 1.3 (2.3) | 1.1 (2.2) |
| Gestation:<37 wk, β (SE) | −3.1 (5.1) | −2.2 (5.2) | 0.7 (5.3) | 0.7 (5.0) | 1.6 (2.5) | 3.2 (2.1) | 2.9 (2.1) | 2.9 (2.1) | 2.3 (2.4) | 3.0 (2.2) | 2.9 (2.2) | 2.8 (2.2) |
| ASD severity, β (SE) | — | −0.6* (0.3) | −0.6 (0.3) | −0.5 (0.3) | — | −1.2*** (0.1) | −1.3*** (0.1) | −1.2*** (0.1) | — | −1.1*** (0.1) | −1.1*** (0.1) | −1.0*** (0.1) |
| Age of diagnosis, β (SE) | — | — | 9.7* (4.2) | 10.3* (4.0) | — | — | −1.6 (1.8) | −1.5 (1.8) | — | — | −0.6 (1.9) | −0.4 (1.8) |
| Walking onset: ≥ 16 mo, β (SE) | — | — | — | −14.8*** (4.0) | — | — | — | −2.6 (1.8) | — | — | — | −4.2* (1.8) |
| Observations | 164 | 132 | 132 | 132 | 178 | 147 | 147 | 147 | 178 | 147 | 147 | 147 |
| R2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| Adjusted R2 | −0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | −0.0 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | −0.0 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
Age at time of diagnosis explained significant unique variance in IQ above and beyond a reduced model that contained income, gender, gestation duration, and retrospective reports of ASD severity (△R2 = 0.04, P = .03). Age of walking onset further accounted for unique variance in IQ (△R2 = 0.09, P < .001) and adaptive outcomes (△R2 = 0.02, P = .03). —, not applicable.
*
P < .05.
**
P < .01.
***
P < .001.