Table 4.
The laboratory findings of COVID‐19 patients with or without anemia on admission
| Anemia | Severity of anemia | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median (IQR) | No (n = 143) | Yes (n = 79) | P value | Mild (n = 46) | Moderate to severe (n=33) | P value |
| Blood routine | .078 | |||||
| White blood cell count, ×109/L | 6.6 (5.5‐7.7) | 5.8 (4.7‐6.8) | .001 | 5.9 (5.2‐6.8) | 5.1 (3.6‐6.8) | .000 |
| Lymphocyte count, ×109/L | 1.8 (1.4‐2.3) | 1.5 (1‐1.9) | .000 | 1.6 (1.4‐2) | 1 (0.8‐1.5) | .000 |
| Neutrophil count, ×109/L | 4.1 (3.2‐5.2) | 3.4 (2.6‐4.3) | .007 | 3.5 (3‐4.1) | 3.4 (2.3‐5.2) | .496 |
| Monocyte count, ×109/L | 0.48 (0.38‐0.58) | 0.45 (0.34‐0.56) | .125 | 0.46 (0.36‐0.56) | 0.44 (0.31‐0.55) | .315 |
| Eosinophil count, ×109/L | 0.1 (0.06‐0.16) | 0.07 (0.04‐0.14) | .039 | 0.08 (0.06‐0.16) | 0.04 (0.02‐0.08) | .012 |
| Basophils count, ×109/L | 0.01 (0.01‐0.02) | 0.01 (0.01‐0.02) | .926 | 0.01 (0.01‐0.02) | 0.01 (0.01‐0.02) | .051 |
| Red blood cell count, ×109/L | 4.4 (4.2‐4.7) | 3.8 (3.6‐3.9) | .000 | 3.9 (3.7‐4.1) | 3.6 (3.2‐3.8) | .000 |
| Hemoglobin, g/L | 134 (127‐140) | 112 (104‐117) | .000 | 116 (113‐118) | 101 (86‐106) | .000 |
| Hematocrit | 40.9 (39‐42.4) | 34.4 (32.4‐36.4) | .000 | 36 (34.6‐37.1) | 32.2 (28.5‐32.6) | .000 |
| Platelet count, ×109/L | 233 (198.5‐283.5) | 210 (169‐260.5) | .037 | 230 (181.5‐269) | 197 (151‐240) | .033 |
| PaO2, mm Hg | 87.5 (77.5‐103.5) | 95 (83‐163.8) | .099 | 155.5 (93.5‐238.5) | 80 (65.8‐103.3) | .002 |
| SaO2,% | 98 (96‐98) | 98 (97‐99) | .138 | 98.5 (97‐100) | 97.5 (95‐98) | .014 |
| Coagulation function | ||||||
| Prothrombin time, s | 10.9 (10.6‐11.4) | 11.3 (10.8‐11.9) | .002 | 11 (10.7‐11.6) | 11.6 (11.3‐12.3) | .003 |
| Activated partial thrombin time, s | 27.4 (25.4‐29.9) | 27.6 (25.1‐31.8) | .726 | 27.9 (25.6‐30.2) | 27.2 (24.8‐32.1) | .830 |
| D‐dimer, μg/mL | 0.4 (0.3‐0.5) | 0.5 (0.4‐0.93) | .003 | 0.5 (0.4‐0.6) | 0.8 (0.45‐2.3) | .011 |
| Inflammation profile | ||||||
| C‐reactive protein, mg/L | 1.9 (1.5‐3.5) | 1.9 (1.5‐8.2) | .476 | 1.9 (1.5‐3.5) | 1.9 (1.5‐8.2) | .318 |
| ≥10 mg/L—no., % | 12 (8.5) | 19 (24.7) | .001 | 5/45 (11.1) | 14/32 (43.8) | .001 |
| Procalcitonin, ng/mL | 0.01 (0.01‐0.05) | 0.04 (0.01‐0.15) | .011 | 0.01 (0.01‐0.05) | 0.04 (0.01‐0.15) | .060 |
| ≥0.5 ng/mL—no., % | 1 (1.3) | 7 (15.6) | .002 | 1/24 (4.2) | 6/21 (28.6) | .024 |
| Blood lactic acid, mmol/L | 1.4 (1.2‐2) | 1.2 (1‐1.8) | .316 | 1.6 (1.1‐1.8) | 1.1 (0.9‐1.8) | .295 |
| ESR, mm/h | 10 (5‐15) | 18 (8‐45) | .006 | 16 (8‐25) | 35 (9.5‐73) | .040 |
| Cardiac function | ||||||
| Myoglobin, ng/mL | 12.2 (8.9‐20.2) | 28.5 (15.3‐38.6) | .028 | 23.1 (15.4‐40.2) | 30.5 (17.3‐38) | .940 |
| CK‐MB, μg/mL | 2 (1‐9) | 3.1 (2‐5.2) | .565 | 3.4 (2.1‐7) | 3.1 (2.1‐4.1) | .622 |
| LDH, U/L | 178.5 (147.3‐206.3) | 177.5 (143.8‐212) | .788 | 177 (144.5‐206.5) | 186 (145.5‐228.5) | .442 |
| T‐pro‐BNP, pg/mL | 16 (15‐85) | 513 (81.5‐2894) | .000 | 309 (112.8‐900) | 1243.5 (47.3‐5943.3) | .275 |
| Liver function | ||||||
| ALT, U/L | 19 (14.5‐33.5) | 17 (11‐26.5) | .002 | 17.5 (11.3‐28.8) | 14 (10‐22) | .230 |
| AST, U/L | 23 (19‐28.5) | 21 (18‐28) | .255 | 21 (18‐28) | 20 (17‐28) | .992 |
| Total bilirubin, μmol/L | 10.2 (8.5‐13.5) | 9.5 (8.2‐13.2) | .408 | 9.1 (7.7‐12.1) | 10.6 (8.5‐14.7) | .116 |
| ALP, U/L | 87 (72‐102.8) | 79 (67.5‐100) | .070 | 80 (70.5‐98.8) | 73 (64‐102) | .426 |
| GGT, U/L | 21 (14‐31.5) | 16 (11.5‐27) | .025 | 17.5 (12‐24) | 15 (11‐33) | .877 |
| Renal function | ||||||
| BUN, mmol/L | 4.3 (3.7‐5.1) | 5.1 (3.8‐7.2) | .011 | 4.2 (3.7‐6.2) | 5.9 (3.8‐8.3) | .096 |
| Creatinine ≥133 μmol/L—no., % | 1 (0.7) | 5 (6.3) | .023 | 1 (2.2) | 4 (12.1) | .155 |
| Uric acid, μmol/L | 292 (250.8‐359) | 276 (230.5‐336.5) | .257 | 293.5 (236.5‐342.8) | 261 (216‐320) | .167 |
Note: Data are presented as no./total no. (%) and median (IQR), P values were calculated by the Mann‐Whitney U test, t test, χ 2 test, or Fisher's exact test, as appropriate. P values denoted the comparison between anemic and nonanaemic groups, the comparison between patients with mild anemia and patients with moderate to severe anemia, respectively.
Abbreviations: ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, glutamic‐pyruvic transaminase; AST, glutamic oxiracetam transaminase; BUN, urea nitrogen; CK‐MB, creatine kinase‐MB; COVID‐19, coronavirus disease 2019; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; GGT, gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; PaO2, partial pressure of oxygen; SaO2, oxygen saturation; T‐pro‐BNP, T‐pro brain natriuretic peptide.