Table 1.
General characteristics of study subjects and exposure to potential drug–drug interactions
| General characteristics | Patients: n (%) | Exposure to pDDIs [Patients: n (%)] |
|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||
| Male | 206 (51.8) | 77 (37.4) |
| Female | 192 (48.2) | 71 (37) |
| Age (years) | ||
| ≤ 20 | 96 (24.1) | 40 (41.7) |
| 21–40 | 176 (44.2) | 53 (30.1) |
| > 40 | 126 (31.7) | 55 (43.7) |
| Median (interquartile range) | 30 (22-50) | |
| Drugs prescribed | ||
| < 5 | 78 (19.6) | 5 (6.4) |
| ≥ 5 | 320 (80.4) | 143 (44.7) |
| Median (interquartile range) | 7 (5–9) | |
| Hospital stay (days) | ||
| ≤ 3 | 141 (35.4) | 32 (22.7) |
| 4–5 | 144 (36.2) | 56 (38.9) |
| > 5 | 113 (28.4) | 60 (53.1) |
| Median (interquartile range) | 4 (3–6) | |
| Number of comorbidities | ||
| No comorbidities | 179 (45) | – |
| 1–2 | 187 (46.9) | – |
| ≥ 3 | 32 (8) | – |
| Comorbidities | ||
| Hypertension | 52 (13.1) | 20 (38.5) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 45 (11.3) | 27 (60) |
| Urinary tract infection | 34 (8.5) | 13 (38.2) |
| Hepatitis | 23 (5.8) | 11 (47.8) |
| Ischemic heart disease | 15 (3.8) | 9 (60) |
| Anaemia | 13 (3.3) | 3 (23.1) |
| Dengue fever | 12 (3) | 5 (41.7) |
| Meningitis | 11 (2.8) | 5 (41.7) |
| Respiratory tract infection | 9 (2.3) | 2 (22.2) |
| Thrombocytopenia | 9 (2.3) | 2 (22.2) |
| Typhoid | 9 (2.3) | – |
| Bicytopenia | 7 (1.8) | – |
| Acute gastroenteritis | 6 (1.5) | – |
| Asthma | 6 (1.5) | – |
| Tuberculosis | 6 (1.5) | – |
| Acute kidney injury | 5 (1.3) | – |
| Pancytopenia | 5 (1.3) | – |
| Decompensated chronic liver disease | 4 (1) | – |
| Pneumonia | 4 (1) | – |
| Congestive cardiac failure | 3 (0.8) each | – |
| Miscellaneous | 72 (18)a | – |
pDDIs potential drug–drug interactions
aIn miscellaneous the following diagnosis were reported: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, depression, encephalitis, epilepsy, goiter, hepatic encephalopathy, herpes labialis, post-natal endometriosis, thalassemia, deep vein thrombosis as n = 3 (0.8%) each. While, cholelithiasis, fits, nephropathy, pleural effusion as n = 2 (0.5%) each. However, achondroplasia, aortic stenosis, arthritis, atrial fibrillation, cellulitis, dementia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, down syndrome, endocarditis, eosinophilia, hyponatremia, hypothyroidism, immune thrombocytopenic purpura, leukemia, liver abscess, left ventricular failure, lymphoma, malignancy, menorrhagia, multiple myeloma, osteoporosis, post splenectomy, psychiatric disorder, rheumatic heart disease, renal tubular acidosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, spondylosis, sexually transmitted disease, stroke, thyrotoxicosis, tonsillitis, ulcerative colitis, urosepsis, Wilson disease as n = 1 (0.3%) each