TABLE 2.
Reports selected and included for data analysis and demographic characteristic of study population
| Reports | Evidence levels | IMID | Duration of disease (years) | Patients | Age (mean/SD) | Sex | Comorbidity | Previous immunosoppressor | Immunosuppressive therapy before/during infection | Coronavirus infection | Symptoms/diagnosis | Continued/stopped immunosuppressor | Hospitalization | ICU | Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Balestri, R (2020) Dermatol Therapy | 5 | Psoriasis | 4 | 1 | 55 | M | No | cDMARDs, Adalimumab | Ixekizumab | COVID‐19 | Asymptomatic | Continued | None | None | None |
| Benhadou, F (2020) JEADV | 5 | Psoriasis | 20 | 1 | 40 | F | Ehlers‐Danlos Syndrome | CsA, MTX | Guselkumab | COVID‐19 | Fever (39.4°C), cough, myalgia, fatigue, shortness of breath | Continued | None | None | None |
| Conti, A (2020) JEADV | 4 | Psoriasis | — | 2 | 64 (2.8) | M | hypertension, dyslipidemia, AMI, diabetes, IRC | — | Guselkumab Ustekinumab | COVID‐19 | ARDS, asthenia, anosmia ageusia | 50% stopped | 50% | 50% | None |
| Damiani, G (2020) JEADV | 4 | PSO, PsA | >1 | 22 | 57.7 (12.5) | 72.7% M | Hypertension, diabetes, obesity, CCD | — |
Anti‐IL12/23 31.8% Anti‐IL17 31.8% Anti‐TNFα (biosimilar) 22.7% Anti‐TNFα 9% |
COVID‐19 | Fever, anosmia, ageusia, astenia, cough | 4.5% stopped | 22.7% | None | None |
| Gisondi, P (2020) BJD | 4 | Psoriasis | — | 4 | 61 (9.8) | 50% M | Hypertension, diabetes, obesity | — | Ustekinumab 25% Adalimumab 25% Etanercept 25% Secukinumab 25% | COVID‐19 | 75% interstitial pneumonia | — | 75% | None | None |
| Messina, F (2020) JEADV | 5 | PSO, PsA | 14 | 1 | 32 | F | CD | cDMARDs, anti‐TNFα, anti‐IL17, anti‐IL12/23 | Guselkumab MTX | COVID‐19 | Fever (37.4°C), mild rhinorrhea | MTX stopped; Guselkumab postponed | None | None | None |
| Nasiri, S (2020) J Dermatolog Treat | 5 | Psoriasis | 1 | 73 | M | — | — | CsA MTX | COVID‐19 | Fever, malaise, and dry cough | MTX stopped stopped & restarted CsA | Yes | None | None | |
| Emmi, G (2020) Autoimmun Rev | 5 | Sjögren Syndrome | — | 1 | 68 | F | — | — | Prednisone + HCQ Tocilizumab (ICU) | COVID‐19 | Fever, dry cough, fatigue, dyspnea, interstitial pneumonia | cDMARDs increased doses Tocilizumab started in ICU | Yes | Yes | None |
| Monti, S (2020) Ann Rheum Disease | 4 | AR, SpA/PsA | — | 4 | 58 | 4 F | Hypertension | — | Etanercept 50% Abatacept 25% Tofacitinib 25% + cDMARDs | COVID‐19 | Fever, fatigue, anosmia/dysgeusia, cough, rhinorrhea, myalgia, dyspnea | Stopped | 25% | None | None |
| Allocca, M Clin Gastroent Hepatol | 4 | IBD | — | 14 | 39.9 (10.4) | 28.6% M | Renal transplantation, hypertension, obesity, arthritis, other | — | Infliximab 42.9% Ustekinumab 14.3% Adalimumab 14.3% cDMARDs 35.7% Vedolizumab 7.1% | COVID‐19 | — | — | 35.7% | None | None |
| Turner, D (2020) JPGN | 4 | IBD | 3.2 | 6 | 16.5 (2) | 50% M | cardiovascular disease | cDMARDs infliximab | Infliximab 33.3% Vedolizumab 16.6% cDMARDs 66.6% | COVID‐19 | Fever, cough, fatigue, anosmia, ageusia, rhinitis, mild chest pain | Continued | None | None | None |
Note: For evidence levels we used quality rating scheme for studies and other evidence modified from the Oxford Centre for evidence‐based medicine; 4: case series with or without intervention; cross‐sectional study, 5: opinion of respected authorities; case reports.
Abbreviations: bDMARDs, biologic disease‐modifying anti‐rheumatic drugs; CCD, cardio‐cerebrovascular disease; CD, Crohn disease; cDMARDs, conventional disease‐modifying anti‐rheumatic drugs; CPP, chronic paranoid psychosis; HCQ, hydrossichloroquine; ICU, intensive care unite; IMID, immune‐mediated inflammatory disease; PE, pulmonary embolism; PsA, psoriatic arthritis; PSO, psoriasis; PSC, primary sclerosing cholangitis; UC, ulcerative colitis.