TABLE 3.
Coagulation parameters
| Reference range | Patients with COVID‐19 | (n) | Contemporaneous controls | (n) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary prospective study test results | ||||||
| Factor V activity (IU/dL) median | 60–150 | 150 | 102 | 105 | 17 | P < .001 |
| Factor VIII activity (IU/dL) median | 50‐200 | 298 | 100 | 222 | 17 | P < .01 |
| Factor X activity (IU/dL) median | 60–150 | 106 | 102 | 78 | 17 | P < .01 |
| Secondary retrospective study test results (obtained from existing clinical data when available) | ||||||
| D‐dimer (ng/mL) median | < 500 | 2849 | 101 | 2420 | 10 | P > .05 |
| Fibrinogen (mg/dL) median | 150–400 | 763 | 91 | 212 | 9 | P < .001 |
| PT (seconds) median | 11.5‐14.5 | 15.1 | 97 | 14.1 | 17 | P > .05 |
| aPTT (seconds) median | 22‐36 | 38.1 | 101 | 31.9 | 17 | P > .05 |
| Abnormal aPTT waveform slope − no. (%) | Normal | 14 (15) | 94 | 5 (33) | 15 | P > .05 |
| aPTT waveform first derivative (TU/sec) median | 150‐291 | 461 | 94 | 257 | 15 | P < .001 |
| aPTT waveform second derivative peak (TU/seĉ2) median | 488‐1026 | 1485 | 94 | 993 | 15 | P < .001 |
| aPTT waveform second derivative trough median | NA | 585 | 94 | 430 | 15 | P < .05 |
| Platelet count (K/μL) median | 150–400 | 275 | 101 | 169 | 16 | P < .01 |
| ISTH DIC score median | < 5 | 2 | 86 | 4 | 6 | P < .05 |
| Antithrombin activity (IU/dL) median | 80‐130 | 79 | 79 | 78 | 10 | P > .05 |
| Protein S activity (IU/dL) median | 70‐150 | 50.5 | 18 | 91.5 | 6 | P < .05 |
| Protein C activity (IU/dL) median | 70–150 | 80 | 19 | 118.5 | 6 | P > .05 |
| Lupus anticoagulant − no. (%) | Negative | 25 (57) | 44 | 2 (15) | 13 | P < .05 |
| Anticardiolipin antibody − no. (%) | Negative | 21 (54) | 39 | 1 (9) | 11 | P < .05 |
| Beta‐2‐glycoprotein antibody − no. (%) | Negative | 3 (10) | 29 | 0 (0) | 5 | P > .05 |
| Activated protein C resistance (factor V Leiden screen) − no. (%) | Negative | 0 (0) | 9 | 0 (0) | 6 | NA |
| Factor II activity (IU/dL) median | 60–150 | 95 | 5 | NA | 0 | NA |
| Factor VII activity (IU/dL) median | 60‐150 | 52 | 5 | NA | 0 | NA |
| Factor IX activity (IU/dL) median | 60‐160 | 135 | 16 | 126 | 1 | NA |
| Factor XI activity (IU/dL) median | 60–160 | 98 | 16 | 57 | 1 | NA |
| Factor XII activity (IU/dL) median | 60–160 | 51 | 8 | NA | 0 | NA |