FIGURE 1.

Sepsis is a dysfunction of the immune system with the concomitant presence of pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory states. A postinfection immunosuppressive state is evidenced by the development of anergy: increase in lymphocyte apoptosis, alteration of immune cell functions with less antigen presentation by dendritic cells, and promotion of reactive oxygen species (ROS) neutrophil production or phagocytic activities and anti‐inflammatory phenotypes. To be effective, therapeutic management should be able to adapt to this inflammatory context and at the same time, improve organ failures and survival. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) capacities to switch to MSC1 or MSC2 phenotypes can be interesting in sepsis indication