Figure 5.

Renal function test, including sodium, urea, chloride, potassium, creatinine, uric acid, calcium, and phosphate of D-galactose-induced aging rats (600 mg/kg/day) after 12 weeks of treatment. ND (normal diet), HFD (high-fat diet), HFD-statin (high-fat diet, receiving lovastatin 2 mg/kg/day), HFD-DR9 (high-fat diet, receiving L. fermentum DR9 (10¹⁰ CFU/day), HFD-DR7 (high-fat diet, receiving L. plantarum DR7 (10¹⁰ CFU/day), HFD-8513d (high-fat diet, receiving L. reuteri 8513d (10¹⁰ CFU/day). Results are expressed as mean; error bars (SEM); n = 6. Statistical analysis was performed using independent t-tests.