Table 1.

Molecules that promote the maturation of β-cells.

Molecule	Function	Period	Cell Line	Timeline	Reference
T3	Increase MAFA expression	Stage 5	CyT49	Five stages (21+ days)	[23]
ALK5 inhibitor	Increase MAFA expression	Stage 5~7	H1	Seven stages (~40 days)	[2]
Exendin-4	Improve β-cell maturation	Stage 4	H9, H1	Four stages (22 days)	[4]
		Stage 5	H1, Epi-9, iPS1-10	Five stages (30 days)	[39]
RA	Increase PDX1, PAX4, and GLUT2 expression	Stage 3	MEL1/INSGFP/W	Five stages (20 days)	[40]
		Stage 3~5	HUES8, iPSC-1, iPSC-2	Five stages (~35 days)	[3]
Tankyrase inhibitor G007-LK	Inhibit Wnt signaling	Stage 7	ND41866	Seven stages (~40 days)	[41]