Table 3.

Generation of pancreatic endocrine cells from pluripotent stem cells.

Reference	Stages (Days)	Strategy	Cell Line	GSIS (Fold Change)	GSGS (Fold Change)	δ Cells	PP Cells	In Vivo Study
Jiang et al., 2007 [5]	Four-stage (36)	2D	H1, H7, H9	3.3	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Bi et al., 2020 [7]	Five-stage (28)	2D for 18 days; 3D suspension for 10 days	IMR90, H9	~2.8	2	Detected	Detected	N/A
Bi et al., 2020 [8]	Five-stage (28)	2D for 18 days; 3D suspension for 10 days	IMR90	~2.3	~4	Detected	Detected	N/A
Peterson et al., 2020 [63]	Five-stage (48)	Suspension culture	HUES8, 1016 cell	~2	~2	N/A	N/A	N/A
Massumi et al., 2016 [39]	Five-stage (30)	2D	H1, Epi-9, iPS1-10	~5.2	N/A	Detected	N/A	N/A
Wang et al., 2017 [6]	Four-stage (23)	3D collagen scaffold	H9	~3.5	N/A	Detected	Detected	N/A
Kim et al., 2016 [90]	Four-stage (17)	Suspension culture on the last day of differentiation	H1, CHA15	2.5	N/A	N/A	Not detected	Function in diabetic mice for 12 days
Hirano et al., 2017 [91]	Four-stage (31)	Suspension culture with closed-channel device	253G1	~4	N/A	Detected	N/A	N/A
Rezania et al., 2011 [68]	Seven-stage (26)	2D	H1	N/A	~2	Detected	N/A	Function in diabetic mice for over 90 days
Rezania et al., 2014 [2]	Seven-stage (30~40)	2D at Stage 1~4; 3D suspension at Stage 5~7	H1, homemade iPSCs	1.7	N/A	Detected	Not detected	Function in diabetic mice for 40 days
Pagliuca et al., 2014 [3]	Six-stage (30~37)	Suspension culture in spinner flasks	HUES8, homemade iPSCs	~3.0	N/A	N/A	N/A	Function in diabetic mice within 2 weeks
Mao et al., 2017 [93]	Five-stage (35)	2D	PKU1.1	N/A	N/A	Detected	N/A	Function in diabetic mice
Lin et al., 2010 [94]	Four-stage (10)	Suspension culture	Homemade hMSCs	~2	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Chao et al., 2008 [98]	Four-stage (34)	2D	Homemade hMSCs	~5	N/A	N/A	N/A	Function in diabetic rats for over 21 weeks