. 2020 Aug 15;21(16):5870. doi: 10.3390/ijms21165870

Table 1.

Effect of oral administration of p-C and RA in the acute phase of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced intestinal inflammation. Data are expressed as mean ± SD or median (minimum/maximum values).

Groups	Dose (mg/kg)	Ulcerative Area (mm²)	% Lesion Inhibition	Lesion Score	Weight/Length (mg/cm)	Evacuation Index (EI)
Non-colitic	-	ND	-	ND	101.5 ± 16.04	370
Colitis (Tween)	-	318.6 ± 38.41 ^###	0	7.5 (6–9) ^###	191.2 ± 33.77 ^###	751 ^###
Prednisolone	2	91.5 ± 42.19 ***	70.0	3 (2–5) ***	131.4 ± 18.44 ***	412 ***
p-Cymene	25	255.3 ± 44.53 **^,abcd	19.7	5 (3–6) *	150.9 ± 16.22 *	578 ***^,ad
	50	144.0 ± 43.91 ***^,d	54.7	4.5 (3–5) **	137.9 ± 31.33 **	509 ***^,ad
	100	111.2 ± 15.74 ***^,d	65.0	4 (2–5) **	130.0 ± 24.41 **	450 ***^,d
	200	58.53 ± 14.16 ***	81.6	2.5 (1–4) ***	119.3 ± 17.03 ***	388 ***

Non-colitic	-	ND	ND	ND	117.1 ± 24.78	381
Colitis (NaCl)	-	341.1 ± 42.99 ^###	0	8 (7–10) ^###	182.5 ± 12.29 ^###	773 ^###
Prednisolone	2	114.3 ± 17.04 ***	66.6	3 (2–6) ***	122.3 ± 11.38 ***	420 ***
Rosmarinic acid	25	262.5 ± 23.92 **^,acd	19.1	6 (3–7) *	155.0 ± 30.04 *	613 ***^,a.d
	50	184.7 ± 12.21 ***^,ad	44.1	5.5 (4–8) *	146.6 ± 21.36 **	553 ***^,ad
	100	155.1 ± 39.02 ***	54.2	5 (3–7) **	144.7 ± 11.14 **	488 ***
	200	112.0 ± 15.26 ***	67.2	4 (2–6) ***	133.4 ± 9.89 ***	470 ***

For parametric data, we used one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s and Tukey’s post-tests. For non-parametric data, we used Kruskal–Wallis test and Dunn’s test. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 compared to colitic groups; ^### p < 0.001 compared to non-colitic group; ^a p < 0.05 compared to prednisolone group; ^b p < 0.05 compared to 50 mg/kg group; ^c p < 0.05 compared to 100 mg/kg group; ^d p < 0.05 compared to 200 mg/kg group (n = 7–10). ND = not detectable.