Table 2.

Effects of dietary supplementation of DFM containing multiple microbial strains and their fermentation products on the rumen fermentation of beef steers

Item	CON	PROB	SYNB	SEM	P-value
Acetate, mM	25.8	27.8	30.5	2.02	0.32
Propionate, mM	8.32b	11.1a	12.3a	0.95	0.03
Valerate, mM	0.99b	1.76a	1.55a	0.18	0.01
Isovalerate, mM	0.43y	0.55x	0.58x	0.05	0.10
Butyrate, mM	6.89	7.99	7.90	0.77	0.83
Isobutyrate, mM	0.32	0.35	0.39	0.04	0.58
Total VFA, mM	52.5b	59.9a	61.6a	2.71	0.01
Lactate, mM	0.63	0.69	0.53	0.20	0.63
Ammonia-N, mM	3.72a	2.13b	3.21a	0.42	0.05
pH	6.67	6.54	6.71	0.12	0.52

^a,bWithin a row, treatment means with different superscripts differ, P ≤ 0.05.

^x,yWithin a row, treatment means with different superscripts tend to differ, 0.05 < P ≤ 0.10.