Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics
| Characteristics | No ABMRh (n=168) | ABMRh (n=56) | P Value | HLA-DSA–Negative ABMRh (n=26) | HLA-DSA–Positive ABMRh (n=30) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Recipient | ||||||
| Age at transplantation (yr), mean (±SD) | 49.2 (±14.9) | 47.6 (±14.6) | 0.48 | 52.5 (±12.7) | 43.3 (±15.0) | 0.02a |
| Gender (female), n (%) | 72/172 (42.9) | 25/56 (44.6) | 0.82 | 12/26 (46.2) | 13/30 (43.3) | 0.83 |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | ||||||
| White | 148/167 (88.6) | 48/56 (85.7) | 0.83 | 23/26 (88.5) | 25/30 (83.3) | 0.80 |
| Black | 6/167 (3.6) | 2/56 (3.6) | 0.83 | 1/26 (3.9) | 1/30 (3.3) | 0.80 |
| Asian | 4/167 (2.4) | 1/56 (1.8) | 0.83 | 0/26 (0.0) | 1/30 (3.3) | 0.80 |
| Other | 9/167 (5.4) | 5/56 (8.9) | 0.83 | 2/26 (7.7) | 3/30 (10.0) | 0.80 |
| Repeat transplantation, n (%) | 28/168 (16.7) | 17/56 (30.4) | 0.03a | 6/26 (23.1) | 11/30 (36.7) | 0.27 |
| Immunologic profile, n (%) | ||||||
| HLA-DSA ever present | 54/168 (32.1) | 30/56 (53.6) | 0.004a | 0/26 (0.0) | 30/30 (100.0) | <0.001a |
| HLA-DSA at biopsy | 19/154 (12.3) | 18/55 (32.7) | <0.001a | 0/26 (0.0) | 18/29 (62.1) | <0.001a |
| HLA-DSA at transplantation | 33/159 (20.8) | 19/55 (34.6) | 0.04a | 0/26 (0.0) | 19/29 (65.5) | <0.001a |
| Anti-HLA antibodies ever present | 87/168 (51.8) | 44/56 (78.6) | <0.001a | 14/26 (53.9) | 30/30 (100.0) | <0.001a |
| Donor | ||||||
| Age (yr), mean (±SD) | 48.7 (±15.9) | 47.6 (±14.4) | 0.65 | 50.8 (±14.8) | 44.7 (±13.6) | 0.12 |
| Gender (female), n (%) | 76/156 (48.7) | 30/53 (56.6) | 0.32 | 12/25 (48.0) | 18/28 (64.3) | 0.23 |
| Living donation, n (%) | 33/168 (19.6) | 8/55 (14.6) | 0.68 | 3/26 (11.5) | 5/29 (17.2) | 0.73 |
| Donation after brain death, n (%) | 119/168 (70.8) | 42/55 (76.4) | 0.31 | 20/26 (76.9) | 22/29 (75.9) | 0.73 |
| Donation after circulatory death, n (%) | 16/168 (9.5) | 5/55 (9.1) | 0.31 | 3/26 (11.5) | 2/29 (6.9) | 0.73 |
| Biopsy | ||||||
| Days post-transplantation, median (IQR) | 370 (93–928) | 361 (40–1059) | 0.25 | 250 (16–708) | 361 (84–1777) | 0.30 |
| Context | ||||||
| Indication, n (%) | 49/168 (29.2) | 36/56 (64.3) | <0.001a | 18/26 (69.2) | 18/30 (60.0) | 0.47 |
| Protocol, n (%) | 119/168 (70.8) | 20/56 (35.7) | <0.001a | 8/26 (30.8) | 12/30 (40.0) | 0.47 |
| eGFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2), mean (±SD) | 45.1 (±20.3) | 30.6 (±20.3) | <0.001a | 25.8 (±16.6) | 34.8 (±21.7) | 0.09 |
| Proteinuria (g/g creatinine), median (IQR) | 0.13 (0.07–0.25) | 0.46 (0.19–1.78) | <0.001a | 0.39 (0.15–1.36) | 0.78 (0.3–2.26) | 0.19 |
| Immunosuppression, n (%) | ||||||
| Cyclosporin | 11/168 (6.6) | 7/56 (12.5) | 0.16 | 4/26 (15.4) | 3/30 (10.0) | 0.69 |
| Tacrolimus | 147/168 (87.5) | 46/56 (82.1) | 0.32 | 20/26 (76.9) | 26/30 (86.7) | 0.49 |
| Mycophenolate mofetil | 155/168 (92.3) | 49/56 (87.5) | 0.28 | 23/26 (88.5) | 26/30 (86.7) | >0.99 |
| Azathioprine | 7/168 (4.2) | 0/56 (0.0) | 0.20 | 0/24 (0.0) | 0/28 (0.0) | >0.99 |
| mTOR inhibitor | 8/168 (4.8) | 6/56 (10.7) | 0.11 | 3/26 (11.5) | 3/30 (10.0) | >0.99 |
| Corticosteroids | 141/168 (83.9) | 52/56 (92.9) | 0.09 | 24/26 (92.3) | 28/30 (93.3) | >0.99 |
| Treatment after ABMRh diagnosis, n (%) | — | — | — | 18/26 (69.2%) | 18/30 (60.0%) | 0.47 |
| Corticosteroids | — | — | — | 17/18 (94.4%) | 16/18 (88.9%) | >0.99 |
| Anti-thymocyte globulin | — | — | — | 3/18 (16.7%) | 2/18 (11.1%) | >0.99 |
| Intravenous Ig | — | — | — | 2/18 (11.1%) | 8/18 (44.4%) | 0.03a |
| Plasmapheresis | — | — | — | 4/18 (22.2%) | 9/18 (50.0%) | 0.08 |
| Rituximab | — | — | — | 2/18 (11.1%) | 5/18 (27.8%) | 0.21 |
| Eculizumab | — | — | — | 0/18 (0.0%) | 1/18 (5.6%) | >0.99 |
| Transplantation | ||||||
| Delayed graft function, n (%) | 29/167 (17.4) | 19/55 (34.6) | 0.007a | 12/26 (46.2) | 7/29 (24.1) | 0.09 |
| Cold ischemia time (h), median (IQR) | 12.6 (7.9–16.9) | 13.0 (7.9–17.7) | 0.51 | 11.9 (7.9–16.2) | 15.3 (7.0–17.8) | 0.30 |
| Warm ischemia time (h), median (IQR) | 0.3 (0.1–0.4) | 0.3 (0.1–0.4) | 0.77 | 0.4 (0.1–0.4) | 0.1 (0.1–0.2) | 0.77 |
| Immunosuppression, n (%) | ||||||
| Induction therapy | 116/167 (69.5) | 44/54 (81.5) | 0.09 | 21/26 (80.8) | 23/28 (82.1) | >0.99 |
| ATG | 15/116 (12.9) | 7/44 (15.9) | 0.88 | 3/21 (14.3) | 4/23 (17.4) | >0.99 |
| Anti-CD25 | 98/116 (84.5) | 36/44 (81.8) | 0.88 | 18/21 (85.7) | 18/23 (78.3) | >0.99 |
| Other | 2/116 (1.72) | 1/44 (2.3) | 0.88 | 0/21 (0.0) | 1/23 (4.4) | >0.99 |
| Cyclosporin | 27/168 (16.1) | 10/56 (17.9) | 0.76 | 4/26 (15.4) | 6/30 (20.0) | 0.74 |
| Tacrolimus | 139/168 (82.7) | 46/56 (82.1) | 0.92 | 22/26 (84.6) | 24/30 (80.0) | 0.74 |
| Mycophenolate mofetil | 156/168 (92.9) | 51/56 (91.1) | 0.66 | 24/26 (92.3) | 27/30 (90.0) | >0.99 |
| Azathioprine | 2/168 (1.2) | 0/56 (0.0) | >0.99 | 0/24 (0.0) | 0/28 (0.0) | >0.99 |
| mTOR inhibitor | 4/168 (2.4) | 3/56 (5.4) | 0.37 | 1/26 (4.2) | 2/30 (6.7) | >0.99 |
| Corticosteroids | 167/168 (99.4) | 56/56 (100.0) | >0.99 | 26/26 (100) | 30/30 (100.0) | >0.99 |
Denominator numbers less than original group size indicate incomplete information. Percentage values may not add up to 100% due to rounding. IQR, interquartile range; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; ATG, anti-thymocyte globulin.
a
Indicates significant P values for difference between groups.