Figure 3.

Donor-origin macrophage and lymphocyte populations vary with time and rejection status. (A) Macrophage proportions vary according to rejection status. Recipient-cell error bars in upward direction and donor-cell error bars in downward direction. (B) The proportion of donor/recipient macrophages in each of the five biopsy specimens according to time (days) post-transplant. (C) The proportions of donor and recipient lymphocytes according to rejection status. (D) The proportion of donor/recipient T cells in each of the five biopsies according to time (days) post-transplant. Tables under (A–D) are total cell numbers. (E) Macrophage pathway analysis by cell origin. Differential gene testing between donor and recipient macrophages reveal genes involved in immune-related pathways (ToppGene Suite pathway analysis, Bonferroni P=0.049 or less). (F) Dot plot of genes that define donor and recipient macrophages. Orange boxes include genes differentially expressed in classically activated and wound-healing macrophages, respectively. Light green boxes include highly expressed genes from spectrum of macrophage phenotypes as described by Xue et al.¹⁸ (G) Serial biopsy specimens in the same patient at rejection (ABMR) diagnosis (pretreatment) and 1 month post-treatment demonstrates donor macrophage proportion increases postrejection treatment. Pretreatment biopsy was performed 2 years 7 months (945 days) post-transplant and the post-treatment biopsy was performed 1 month after the first biopsy (974 days). MHC, major histocompatibility complex; PD-1, programmed cell death protein 1; p-val, P value; Th1, type 1 CD 4 T helper cell; Th2, type 2 CD 4 T helper cell.