Table 2.
The laboratory findings of patients
| Laboratory Findings | All Patients (n=81) | Presence of AKI | Survival | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AKI (n=41) | Non-AKI (n=40) | P Value | Nonsurvivors (n=60) | Survivors (n=21) | P Value | ||
| White blood cell count (×109/L), median (IQR) | 12.20 (9.00–17.29) | 13.11 (9.88–17.81) | 11.60 (8.66–15.30) | 0.41 | 13.05 (10.20–18.30) | 9.93 (6.40–15.13) | 0.05a |
| >10, n (%) | 56 (69.1%) | 30 (73.2%) | 26 (65.0%) | 0.43 | 46 (76.7%) | 10 (47.6%) | 0.01a |
| 4–10, n (%) | 24 (29.6%) | 11 (26.8%) | 13 (32.5%) | – | 13 (21.7%) | 11 (52.4%) | – |
| <4, n (%) | 1 (1.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (2.5%) | – | 1 (1.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | – |
| Neutrophil count (×109/L), median (IQR) | 11.13 (8.14–16.02) | 12.49 (9.14–16.43) | 10.65 (7.80–14.42) | 0.31 | 11.89 (9.33–16.87) | 9.22 (5.64–13.10) | 0.03a |
| Lymphocytes (×109/L), median (IQR) | 0.54 (0.34–0.74) | 0.50 (0.34–0.60) | 0.65 (0.34–0.88) | 0.02a | 0.53 (0.32–0.70) | 0.69 (0.42–0.94) | 0.10 |
| <0.4, n (%) | 24 (29.6%) | 13 (31.7%) | 11 (27.5%) | 0.08 | 19 (31.7%) | 5 (23.8%) | 0.59 |
| 0.4–0.8, n (%) | 39 (48.1%) | 23 (56.1%) | 16 (40.0%) | – | 30 (50.0%) | 9 (42.9%) | – |
| Hemoglobin (g/L), mean±SD | 122.1±22.8 | 124.5±25.6 | 119.8±19.5 | 0.36 | 124.8±21.5 | 114.7±25.2 | 0.08 |
| Anemia, n (%) | 29 (35.8%) | 14 (34.1%) | 15 (37.5%) | 0.75 | 19 (31.7%) | 10 (47.6%) | 0.19 |
| Platelets (×109/L), median (IQR) | 159.0 (100.0–225.5) | 145.0 (77.5–209.5) | 176.5 (122.5–268.0) | 0.03a | 153.0 (82.5–210.8) | 202.0 (138.0–271.0) | 0.03a |
| <100, n (%) | 19 (23.5%) | 12 (29.3%) | 7 (17.5%) | 0.21 | 17 (28.3%) | 2 (9.5%) | 0.13 |
| Serum albumin (g/L), median (IQR) | 28.5 (26.1–31.0) | 28.4 (25.2–31.8) | 28.7 (26.2–31.0) | 0.87 | 27.9 (24.1–30.4) | 29.0 (28.1–33.0) | 0.06 |
| <25, n (%) | 18 (22.2%) | 10 (24.4%) | 8 (20.0%) | 0.64 | 17 (28.3%) | 1 (4.8%) | 0.03a |
| ALT (U/L), median (IQR) | 29.0 (19.5–45.0) | 32.0 (19.0–52.5) | 25.0 (20.2–39.8) | 0.44 | 29.5 (20.2–45.8) | 24.0 (16.5–38.5) | 0.33 |
| AST (U/L), median (IQR) | 33.0 (20.5–63.5) | 37.0 (28.0–59.0) | 29.0 (19.0–68.0) | 0.27 | 33.5 (21.0–68.2) | 33.0 (20.0–54.5) | 0.38 |
| LDH (U/L), median (IQR) | 523.0 (373.5–700.5) | 562.0 (382.5–688.0) | 504.5 (345.2–742.5) | 0.45 | 558.0 (417.2–742.5) | 373.0 (274.5–618.5) | 0.01a |
| Total bilirubin (μmol/L), median (IQR) | 12.9 (8.6–20.6) | 12.2 (8.2–21.6) | 13.4 (8.8–20.6) | 0.81 | 14.5 (9.8–21.7) | 10.3 (7.6–17.0) | 0.05a |
| sCr (μmol/L), median (IQR) | 80.0 (58.0–113.0) | 104.0 (74.0–188.5) | 65.5 (48.0–80.0) | <0.001a | 85.5 (65.0–114.5) | 61.0 (43.5–82.0) | 0.02a |
| Elevated sCr, n (%) | 24 (29.6%) | 21 (51.2%) | 3 (7.5%) | <0.001a | 20 (33.3%) | 4 (19.0%) | 0.27 |
| Cystatin C (mg/L), median (IQR)b | 1.26 (0.99–2.01) | 1.74 (1.22–2.44) | 1.06 (0.86–1.28) | <0.001a | 1.32 (0.95–2.01) | 1.22 (1.05–1.82) | 0.96 |
| >1.55, n (%) | 23 (35.3%) | 20 (60.6%) | 3 (9.1%) | <0.001a | 17 (36.2%) | 6 (31.6%) | 0.72 |
| eGFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2), median (IQR) | 83.2 (50.1–99.6) | 53.0 (27.0–85.8) | 96.0 (79.8–107.8) | <0.001a | 78.3 (45.2–97.4) | 94.8 (64.5–115.9) | 0.06 |
| <60, n (%) | 26 (32.1%) | 22 (53.7%) | 4 (10.0%) | <0.001a | 21 (35.0%) | 5 (23.8%) | 0.34 |
| BUN (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 9.6 (6.4–15.4) | 12.5 (8.6–27.8) | 7.1 (5.5–10.6) | <0.001a | 10.2 (7.0–17.8) | 7.3 (5.2–10.9) | 0.02a |
| Serum potassium (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 4.37 (3.88–5.01) | 4.50 (4.09–5.04) | 4.19 (3.78–4.82) | 0.16 | 4.48 (3.96–5.04) | 4.16 (3.76–4.60) | 0.18 |
| >5.5, n (%) | 12 (14.8%) | 6 (14.6%) | 6 (15.0%) | 0.96 | 9 (15.0%) | 3 (14.3%) | >0.99 |
| 3.5–5.5, n (%) | 62 (76.5%) | 31 (75.6%) | 31 (77.5%) | – | 46 (76.7%) | 16 (76.2%) | – |
| <3.5, n (%) | 7 (8.6%) | 4 (9.8%) | 3 (7.5%) | – | 5 (8.3%) | 2 (9.5%) | – |
| Serum sodium (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 142.6 (138.0–146.2) | 144.4 (138.9–148.2) | 139.9 (137.5–145.1) | 0.10 | 144.2 (139.4–146.9) | 137.8 (135.2–140.0) | 0.001a |
| >145, n (%) | 28 (34.6%) | 18 (43.9%) | 10 (25.0%) | 0.07 | 25 (41.7%) | 3 (14.3%) | 0.03a |
| 135–145, n (%) | 43 (53.1%) | 18 (43.9%) | 25 (75.0%) | – | 29 (48.3%) | 14 (66.7%) | – |
| <135, n (%) | 10 (12.3%) | 5 (12.2%) | 5 (12.5%) | – | 6 (10.0%) | 4 (19.0%) | – |
| Serum calcium (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 2.10 (1.96–2.29) | 2.12 (1.98–2.26) | 2.09 (1.95–2.29) | 0.77 | 2.08 (1.96–2.22) | 2.24 (1.98–2.34) | 0.05a |
| Serum phosphorus (mmol/L), median (IQR)c | 0.98 (0.84–1.24) | 1.12 (0.84–1.48) | 0.94 (0.82–1.09) | 0.09 | 0.99 (0.86–1.32) | 0.92 (0.74–1.14) | 0.14 |
| <0.81, n (%) | 16 (21.9%) | 8 (22.2%) | 8 (21.6%) | 0.95 | 9 (17.0%) | 7 (35.0%) | 0.08 |
| Serum uric acid (μmol/L), median (IQR)d | 201.0 (137.5–327.0) | 289.5 (184.8–448.8) | 164.0 (119.2–219.2) | <0.001a | 208.0 (147.0–346.0) | 187.0 (125.0–259.0) | 0.28 |
| Proteinuria at admission to ICU, n (%)e | |||||||
| >2+ | 11 (15.5%) | 6 (18.2%) | 5 (13.2%) | 0.78 | 10 (19.2%) | 1 (5.3%) | 0.27 |
| ±1+ | 50 (70.4%) | 23 (69.7%) | 27 (71.1%) | – | 37 (71.2%) | 13 (68.4%) | – |
| Negative | 10 (14.1%) | 4 (12.1%) | 6 (15.8%) | – | 5 (9.6%) | 5 (26.3%) | – |
| Hematuria at admission to ICU, n (%)e | |||||||
| >2+ | 23 (32.4%) | 11 (33.3%) | 12 (31.6%) | 0.75 | 20 (38.5%) | 3 (15.8%) | 0.09 |
| ±1+ | 24 (33.8%) | 12 (36.4%) | 12 (31.6%) | – | 18 (34.6%) | 6 (31.6%) | – |
| Negative | 24 (33.8%) | 10 (30.3%) | 14 (36.8%) | – | 14 (26.9%) | 10 (52.6%) | – |
| Proteinuria at hospital presentation, n (%)f | |||||||
| >2+ | 5 (13.9%) | 3 (15.8%) | 2 (11.8%) | >0.99 | 5 (17.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | – |
| ±1+ | 26 (72.2%) | 14 (73.7%) | 12 (70.6%) | – | 20 (71.4%) | 6 (75%) | – |
| Negative | 5 (13.9%) | 2 (10.5%) | 3 (17.6%) | – | 3 (10.7%) | 2 (25.0%) | – |
| Hematuria at hospital presentation, n (%)f | |||||||
| >2+ | 10 (25.0%) | 6 (31.6%) | 4 (23.5%) | 0.72 | 9 (32.1%) | 1 (12.5%) | 0.40 |
| ±1+ | 17 (47.2%) | 9 (47.4%) | 8 (47.4%) | – | 14 (50.0%) | 3 (37.5%) | – |
| Negative | 9 (27.8%) | 4 (21.1%) | 5 (21.1%) | – | 5 (17.9%) | 4 (50.5%) | – |
| ESR (mm/h), median (IQR)g | 40.5 (27.8–65.5) | 47.5 (32.0–72.0) | 35.0 (22.0–61.8) | 0.10 | 38.5 (24.5–58.5) | 67.0 (31.0–91.0) | 0.02a |
| hsCRP (mg/L), median (IQR)h | 105.5 (50.8–142.2) | 109.0 (66.8–147.9) | 66.0 (36.1–140.7) | 0.10 | 108.9 (58.8–149.4) | 66.0 (29.0–122.5) | 0.06 |
| IL-6 (pg/ml), median (IQR)i | 59.0 (31.0–167.2) | 100.4 (36.4–265.6) | 36.8 (20.3–103.2) | 0.01a | 93.2 (35.5–214.9) | 31.8 (22.1–69.5) | 0.002a |
| Ferritin (μg/ml), median (IQR)j | 1386.4 (758.7–2207.8) | 1301.8 (758.7–2207.8) | 1484.8 (765.2–2229.8) | 0.62 | 1469.0 (831.3–2261.3) | 973.3 (649.7–2207.8) | 0.34 |
| PT (s), median (IQR) | 16.3 (15.3–18.1) | 17.2 (15.3–18.5) | 16.0 (15.1–17.2) | 0.04a | 17.0 (15.3–18.2) | 15.6 (14.6–16.2) | 0.006a |
| aPTT (s), median (IQR) | 41.0 (37.2–45.5) | 41.7 (37.4–46.8) | 40.9 (35.9–43.6) | 0.37 | 40.7 (37.0–45.9) | 43.0 (38.2–45.4) | 0.48 |
| Fibrinogen (g/L), median (IQR) | 3.95 (3.08–5.56) | 4.08 (2.92–5.57) | 3.92 (3.10–5.55) | 0.88 | 3.86 (2.77–5.52) | 4.60 (3.42–5.62) | 0.21 |
| INR, median (IQR) | 1.29 (1.19–1.48) | 1.40 (1.20–1.52) | 1.26 (1.18–1.36) | 0.02a | 1.36 (1.20–1.49) | 1.24 (1.08–1.28) | 0.009a |
| D-dimer (μg/ml FEU), n (%) | |||||||
| >21.0 | 36 (44.4%) | 19 (46.3%) | 17 (42.5%) | 0.73 | 32 (53.3%) | 4 (19.0%) | 0.01a |
| 5.0–21.0 | 19 (23.5%) | 10 (24.4%) | 9 (22.5%) | – | 14 (23.3%) | 5 (23.8%) | – |
| 0.5–5.0 | 26 (32.1%) | 12 (29.3%) | 14 (35.0%) | – | 14 (23.3%) | 12 (57.1%) | – |
| <0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | 0 | 0 | – |
| cTnI (pg/ml), median (IQR)k | 62.6 (15.1–520.4) | 69.8 (18.8–320.8) | 52.4 (8.3–555.8) | 0.49 | 67.1 (19.1–653.2) | 20.5 (3.9–167.4) | 0.02a |
| NT-proBNP (pg/ml), median (IQR)l | 992.0 (402.0–3589.0) | 1902.0 (617.0–5590.0) | 843.0 (320.2–2929.2) | 0.03a | 1021.5 (486.0–3634.5) | 992.0 (193.0–3808.0) | 0.74 |
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; aPTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; INR, international normalized ratio; FEU, fibrinogen equivalent units; cTnI; cardiac troponin I; NT-proBNP, N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide.
a
P≤0.05.
b
All patients, n=66; AKI, n=33; non-AKI, n=33; nonsurvivors, n=47; survivors, n=19.
c
All patients, n=73; AKI, n=36; non-AKI, n=37; nonsurvivors, n=53; survivors, n=20.
d
All patients, n=80; AKI, n=40; non-AKI, n=40; nonsurvivors, n=59; survivors, n=21.
e
All patients, n=71; AKI, n=33; non-AKI, n=38; nonsurvivors, n=52; survivors, n=19.
f
All patients, n=36; AKI, n=19; non-AKI, n=17; nonsurvivors, n=28; survivors, n=8.
g
All patients, n=58; AKI, n=30; non-AKI, n=28; nonsurvivors, n=42; survivors, n=16.
h
All patients, n=77; AKI, n=39; non-AKI, n=38; nonsurvivors, n=56; survivors, n=21.
i
All patients, n=64; AKI, n=32; non-AKI, n=32; nonsurvivors, n=45; survivors, n=19.
j
All patients, n=63; AKI, n=31; non-AKI, n=32; nonsurvivors, n=48; survivors, n=15.
k
All patients, n=80; AKI, n=40; non-AKI, n=40; nonsurvivors, n=59; survivors, n=21.
l
All patients, n=79; AKI, n=39; non-AKI, n=40; nonsurvivors, n=58; survivors, n=21.