Table 1.
Cas diversity and properties.
| Type | Cas | PAM sequence | Size (bp) | PAM orientation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| II | SpCas9 (Jinek et al., 2012) | NGG (NAG) | ≈4,100 | Downstream of the target DNA |
| VRER SpCas9 (Kleinstiver et al., 2015b) | NGCG | |||
| EQR SpCas9 (Kleinstiver et al., 2015b) | NGAG | |||
| VQR SpCas9 (Kleinstiver et al., 2015b) | NGAN | |||
| SpCas9-NG (Nishimasu et al., 2018) | NG, NANG | |||
| xCas9 (Hu et al., 2018) | NG | |||
| SpCas9-NRRH (Miller et al., 2020) | NRRH, NGGN | |||
| SpCas9-NRTH (Miller et al., 2020) | NRTH, NGGN | |||
| SpCas9-NRCH (Miller et al., 2020) | NRCH, NGGN | |||
| SaCas9 (Ran et al., 2015) | NNGRRT | ≈3,150 | ||
| KKH SaCas9 (Kleinstiver et al., 2015a) | NNNRRT | |||
| NmCas9 (Esvelt et al., 2013) | NNNNGATT | ≈3,240 | ||
| St1Cas9 (Xu et al., 2015; Agudelo et al., 2020) | NNRGAAW | ≈4,180 | ||
| St3Cas9 (Magadán et al., 2012) | NGGNG | |||
| TdCas9 (Sun et al., 2018) | NAAAAC | ≈4,200 | ||
| CjCas9 (Kim et al., 2017) | NNNVRYM | ≈2,950 | ||
| SpCas9 (from Streptococcus pasteurianus; Tan et al., 2018) | NNGTGA | ≈3,400 | ||
| V | AsCas12a and LbCas12a (Zetsche et al., 2015) | TTTN | ≈3,685 | Upstream of the target DNA |
| AsCas12a RVR (Gao et al., 2017) | TATV | |||
| AsCas12a RR (Gao et al., 2017) | TYCV | |||
| enAsCas12a (Kleinstiver et al., 2019) | TGTV, VTTV, TTTT, TTCN | |||
| FnCas12a (Fonfara et al., 2016) | TTV | ≈3,900 | ||
| Cas12e (CasX; Burstein et al., 2017) | TTCN | ≈2,940 |