Table 2.
Mean values (with three replicates and over 2 years) of agronomic and morphological/physiological parameters for the various maize hybrids tested measured at BBCH of 65 or 85 and sorted by YOR.
| Factor | 1971 | 1975 | 1977 | 1980 | 1990 | 1994 | 1999 | 2003 | 2006 | 2012 | slope | R2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amounts of above ground material | ||||||||||||
| BBCH85_M_ NPP (t/ha) | 20.38 (1.6) | 20.45 (1.66) | 21.95 (1.94) | 19.3 (1.42) | 22.84 (1.89) | 23.25 (1.78) | 23.65 (2.15) | 23.78 (1.71) | 25.87 (1.64) | 25.99 (1.97) | 0.1492*** | 0.11 |
| BBCH85_M_ ANPP (t/ha) | 18.78 (1.28) | 19.2 (1.5) |
19.98 (1.57) | 17.7 (1.17) | 21.14 (1.56) | 21.47 (1.52) | 21.86 (1.81) | 22.04 (1.42) | 23.85 (1.37) | 24.16 (1.55) | 0.1400*** | 0.14 |
| BBCH85_H_DMY (t/ha) | 17.77 (1.18) | 18.23 (1.43) | 19.02 (1.5) | 16.63 (1.09) | 19.88 (1.41) | 20.12 (1.45) | 20.81 (1.74) | 20.83 (1.33) | 22.71 (1.27) | 22.89 (1.48) | 0.1334*** | 0.14 |
| BBCH85_M_vegetative_ DMY (t/ha) |
4.91 (0.64) | 5.77 (0.84) | 7.37 (1.09) | 5.47 (0.48) | 8.29 (1.37) | 8.71 (0.76) | 8.2 (0.69) |
9.35 (0.53) | 8.48 (0.95) | 10.13 (0.62) | 0.1099*** | 0.34 |
| BBCH85_M_Cob_DM (t/ha) | 12.86 (1.54) | 12.47 (2.06) | 11.65 (1.5) | 11.16 (0.72) | 11.58 (1.36) | 11.41 (0.76) | 12.61 (1.46) | 11.48 (1.2) | 14.23 (1.34) | 12.76 (0.9) | 0.0235 | 0.01 |
| BBCH85_M_Stems (g/m2) |
515.51 (31.72) | 543.89 (33.77) | 558.27 (33.86) | 550.38 (41.53) | 650.24 (47.7) | 660.42 (21.18) | 623.61 (41.12) | 666.7 (37.89) | 725.18 (33.83) | 709.67 (30.18) | 4.8130*** | 0.37 |
| BBCH85_M_Leaf (g/m2) |
221.34 (16.29) | 207.51 (21.14) | 259.26 (20.47) | 221.09 (13.38) | 253.92 (12.26) | 288.72 (18.18) | 263.93 (26.31) | 304.42 (16.64) | 321.56 (11.77) | 316.89 (16.47) | 2.6340*** | 0.39 |
| BBCH85_M_Stubble (t/ha) |
1.01 (0.11) | 0.97 (0.08) | 0.96 (0.08) | 1.07 (0.08) | 1.26 (0.15) | 1.35 (0.08) | 1.05 (0.09) | 1.21 (0.1) | 1.14 (0.1) | 1.27 (0.08) | 0.0066*** | 0.11 |
| BBCH85_M_height (cm) |
262.33 (15.55) | 260.67 (15.75) | 277.5 (15.64) | 249.83 (17.05) | 282.5 (18.73) | 295.67 (14.83) | 282.33 (17.22) | 261.71 (11.82) | 291 (17.11) | 284.83 (15.72) | 0.6352*** | 0.03 |
| Forage quality | ||||||||||||
| BBCH85_H_DM_N (%) |
1.31 (0.01) | 1.29 (0.01) | 1.34 (0.02) | 1.33 (0.03) | 1.31 (0.03) | 1.3 (0.03) | 1.23 (0.02) | 1.24 (0.02) | 1.29 (0.03) | 1.22 (0.03) | -0.0022*** | 0.19 |
| BBCH85_H_DM_ME (%) |
10.55 (0.22) | 10.72 (0.14) | 10.5 (0.2) |
10.56 (0.11) | 10.32 (0.19) | 10.27 (0.19) | 10.75 (0.16) | 10.62 (0.14) | 10.87 (0.17) | 10.75 (0.17) | 0.005 | 0.02 |
| BBCH85_H_DM_NDF (%) |
47.39 (2.88) | 45.46 (2.35) | 47.78 (2.79) | 48.14 (1.86) | 49.34 (2.28) | 49.7 (2.44) | 44.38 (2.26) | 47.33 (2.17) | 44.1 (2.12) | 45.49 (2.29) | -0.0541 | 0.01 |
| BBCH85_H_DM _CP (%) |
8.19 (0.07) | 8.04 (0.07) | 8.35 (0.13) | 8.3 (0.16) | 8.18 (0.17) | 8.13 (0.17) | 7.68 (0.13) | 7.78 (0.14) | 8.08 (0.21) | 7.59 (0.16) | -0.0137*** | 0.19 |
| BBCH85_H_DM_DS (kg/kg) | 0.32 (0.01) | 0.31 (0.01) | 0.32 (0.01) | 0.29 (0.01) | 0.31 (0.01) | 0.3 (0.01) |
0.29 (0) |
0.29 (0.01) | 0.31 (0.01) | 0.3 (0.01) | -0.0005** | 0.07 |
| BBCH85_M_DM_Starch (%) | 27.63 (1.17) | 28.14 (1.35) | 26.72 (1.03) | 24.55 (0.57) | 24.34 (1.07) | 23.28 (1.85) | 31.6 (0.97) | 26.96 (1.57) | 30.57 (0.97) | 26.62 (1.22) | 0.039 | 0.02 |
| BBCH85_M_DM_Sugar (%) | 4.59 (1.23) | 6 (1.16) |
4.25 (1.34) | 6.83 (1.2) |
4.8 (1.48) | 5.3 (1.86) |
3.62 (0.91) | 5.03 (0.68) | 4.5 (1.1) |
7.09 (0.94) | 0.0031 | 0.00 |
| Leaf characteristics | ||||||||||||
| BBCH85_M_LeafDM (g/m2) | 17.13 (0.88) | 15.91 (0.69) | 18.92 (0.92) | 15.49 (1.28) | 20.13 (0.89) | 16.33 (0.73) | 22.79 (2.1) | 21.13 (0.58) | 19.6 (0.97) | 26.7 (1.65) | 0.1868** | 0.34 |
| BBCH65_LN | 14.5 (0.22) | 13.5 (0.22) | 14.5 (0.22) | 13.83 (0.17) | 14.67 (0.21) | 15.5 (0.22) | 14.5 (0.22) | 15.43 (0.2) | 15.5 (0.22) | 15.5 (0.22) | 0.0404*** | 0.32 |
| BBCH65_LAI (m2/m2) |
4.61 (0.22) | 4.22 (0.17) | 4.88 (0.11) | 3.41 (0.25) | 5.35 (0.17) | 4.54 (0.23) | 5.41 (0.3) | 5.54 (0.14) | 5.52 (0.21) | 6.1 (0.34) | 0.0425*** | 0.36 |
| BBCH65_SLA (cm2/g) |
186.5 (7.35) | 197.29 (6.37) | 179.2 (6.63) | 159.98 (2.86) | 182.07 (4.65) | 174.55 (1.62) | 168.86 (12.7) | 170.3 (3) | 184.02 (10.81) | 149.66 (10.06) | -0.5358** | 0.11 |
| BBCH65_Leaf_A (°)avg |
33.11 (1.21) | 32.96 (1.18) | 32.13 (1.05) | 39.48 (0.76) | 34.23 (1.19) | 35.05 (1.01) | 32.87 (0.94) | 28.81 (1.04) | 27.41 (0.75) | 38.45 (0.59) | -0.0415 | 0.02 |
| BBCH65_Leaf_L (cm) avg |
63.31 (1.11) | 61.21 (1.28) | 66.66 (1.1) | 60.32 (1.82) | 67.33 (0.32) | 71.54 (0.86) | 68.97 (1.79) | 67.87 (0.78) | 73.51 (1.74) | 73.42 (0.77) | 0.2680*** | 0.51 |
| BBCH65_Leaf_LOV avg |
35.08 (1.59) | 31.76 (1.76) | 41.17 (1.1) | 29.44 (1.38) | 41.48 (2.41) | 36.89 (0.96) | 42.01 (1.91) | 49.52 (1.07) | 50.26 (2.1) | 40 (1.36) | 0.3242* | 0.36 |
| BBCH65_Leaf_DM (g/m2) avg |
19.34 (1.66) | 17.39 (1.04) | 22.32 (2.1) | 19.68 (1.04) | 24.73 (1.61) | 20.5 (1.38) | 24.65 (2.13) | 24.89 (1.92) | 26.01 (1.95) | 31.18 (1.35) | 0.2481*** | 0.32 |
| BBCH65_PSR (mmol m-2 s-1) avg |
37.75 (0.99) | 42.06 (2.04) | 34.65 (1.69) | 36.68 (2.93) | 38.17 (3.23) | 41.44 (3.53) | 34.95 (1.32) | 41.52 (1.77) | 42.51 (2.73) | 40.6 (1.96) | 0.0869 | 0.03 |
| RUE (MJ m-2) | 2.83 (0.24) | 3.04 (0.24) | 2.86 (0.27) | 2.97 (0.31) | 3.43 (0.2) | 3.46 (0.1) |
3.3 (0.18) | 3.43 (0.29) | 3.67 (0.06) | 3.61 (0.27) | 0.0199*** | 0.14 |
| Cob characteristics | ||||||||||||
| BBCH85_M_Cob N (%) |
1.51 (0.04) | 1.52 (0.03) | 1.51 (0.04) | 1.47 (0.03) | 1.69 (0.07) | 1.69 (0.09) | 1.23 (0.02) | 1.49 (0.03) | 1.44 (0.04) | 1.3 (0.03) | -0.0039 | 0.08 |
| BBCH85_M_Cob NDF (%) |
15.89 (1.2) | 18.42 (1.46) | 18.23 (1.08) | 19.05 (1.8) | 18.24 (1.58) | 15.61 (1.01) | 17.86 (1.37) | 20.97 (1.93) | 18.7 (0.92) | 18.07 (0.86) | 0.0275 | 0.01 |
| BBCH85_M_Cob CP (%) |
9.44 (0.26) | 9.5 (0.16) |
9.44 (0.24) | 9.2 (0.18) |
10.54 (0.47) | 10.55 (0.56) | 7.68 (0.13) | 9.34 (0.17) | 9 (0.28) |
8.15 (0.19) | -0.0246 | 0.08 |
| BBCH85_M_Cob Starch (%) | 58.65 (0.63) | 57.33 (1.39) | 56.8 (0.89) | 55.28 (1.42) | 55.75 (1.29) | 57.47 (0.71) | 57.52 (0.82) | 52.5 (1.94) | 55.97 (0.84) | 56.7 (0.79) | -0.0417* | 0.04 |
| BBCH85_M_Cob Sugar (%) | 4.75 (0.26) | 4.78 (0.23) | 5.28 (0.39) | 6.05 (0.23) | 4.71 (0.43) | 4.99 (0.28) | 6.78 (0.6) | 7.55 (0.51) | 6.22 (0.76) | 7.34 (0.34) | 0.0566** | 0.31 |
| Root Characteristics | ||||||||||||
| BBCH85_BNPP (t/ha) |
1.6 (0.38) | 1.25 (0.22) | 1.97 (0.38) | 1.6 (0.29) |
1.7 (0.35) | 1.78 (0.27) | 1.79 (0.35) | 1.74 (0.31) | 2.02 (0.33) | 1.83 (0.44) | 0.0092 | 0.02 |
| BBCH85_fBNPP | 0.07 (0.01) | 0.06 (0.01) | 0.09 (0.01) | 0.08 (0.01) | 0.07 (0.01) | 0.07 (0.01) | 0.07 (0.01) | 0.07 (0.01) | 0.08 (0.01) | 0.07 (0.01) | -0.0001 | 0.00 |
| BBCH65_RLD (cm3/cm3) |
1.66 (0.3) | 2.64 (0.51) | 1.29 (0.18) | 2.61 (0.84) | 2.16 (0.67) | 1.71 (0.28) | 2.21 (0.29) | 4.29 (0.51) | 1.95 (0.35) | 1.53 (0.3) | 0.0113 | 0.01 |
| BBCH65_SRL (m/g) |
123.26 (16.65) | 168.87 (25.01) | 151.69 (16.61) | 148.39 (25.63) | 158.59 (19.87) | 103.88 (3.47) | 146.06 (16.05) | 161.21 (21.1) | 165.97 (16.32) | 92.03 (11.49) | -0.3874 | 0.01 |
Also provided are the mean values over all hybrids, the slope (increase) with time, and R2 is pseudoR2. M_ indicates manual harvest, and H_ harvest by Haltrup for silage; avg = average over the various canopy levels. Root characteristics were measured in the top 30 cm. Numbers in brackets are standard errors. Abbreviations are provided in Table A1.
The slope of the regression indicates differences among hybrids across the year of registration. All slopes were tested to be significantly different from zero. Significance levels are: ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01 and *p < 0.05.