FIGURE 1.

GroEL and hHsp60 amino acid sequences alignment. The alignment was obtained using BLASTp and the GroEL (NP_418567.1) and hHsp60 (NP_002147.2) sequences. Top, GroEL sequence: green letters correspond to the equatorial domain (residues 6-133 and 409-523); red letters correspond to the intermediated domain (residues 134-190 and 377-408); blue letters correspond to the apical domain (residues 191-376) (Xu et al., 1997). Highly conserved peptides are boxed. The letters and asterisks above the GroEL sequence indicate the known function of the residues underneath: I, intra-ring contacts; E, inter-ring contacts; A, intra-monomer contacts; C, charged residues exposed to the central cavity in the cis conformation; S, substrate binding; G, GroES binding; asterisks, ATP/ADP and Mg²⁺ binding (Braig et al., 1994; Fenton et al., 1994; Boisvert et al., 1996; Xu et al., 1997; Brocchieri and Karlin, 2000; Wang and Boisvert, 2003). Bottom, hHsp60 sequence: The amino acids found mutated are in purple font.