TABLE 1.
Summary of the relevant articles on the application of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis technique to the pesticide effect on soil microorganisms.
| References | Substance | Type | Study | Structure impact | Comments |
| Hoshino and Matsumoto (2007) | Chloropicrin and 1,3-Dichloropropene | Fumigants | Field | Significant effect | Chloropicrin changed DGGE profiles radically and no recovery was found after 1 year. |
| Coppola et al. (2011) | Penconazole, Dimethomorph, Metalaxyl, Azoxystrobin, Cyprodinil, and Fludioxonil | Fungicides | Lab | Transitory effects | Evident variation of microbial population after pesticides treatments; no significant differences at the end of the experiment. |
| Gao et al. (2012) | Pseudomonas fluorescens 2P24 | Biological control | Field | Transitory effects | Fungal community was significantly shocked at first, but it improved gradually after 1 month. |
| Gupta et al. (2013) | Chlorpyrifos, endosulfan and azadirachtin | Chemical and natural insecticides | Lab | Dose- dependent significant | High doses of azadirachtin simulated the effects of chemical pesticides |
| Chen et al. (2013) | B. subtilis B579 | Biological control | Lab | Minimal and transient effects | Only minimal and temporary changes in rhizobacterial population structure were detected. |
| Tortella et al. (2013a) | Atrazine | Herbicide | Lab | Transitory effects | Robustness of microbial community toward the treatments. |
| Tortella et al. (2013b) | Carbendazim | Fungicide | Lab | Transitory effects | Microbial population remained stable over the time when compared to the untreated control. |
| Lin et al. (2016) | Pentachlorophenol | Herbicide | Lab | Positive effects vs. earthworms | The microbial population was changed by the earthworm treatments. |
| Huang et al. (2016) | Chlorpyrifos | Insecticides | Lab | Significant effects | The insecticide inhibits the fungal abundance significantly. |
| Diez et al. (2017) | Atrazine, chlorpyrifos, and iprodione | Herbicide, insecticide, and fungicide | Lab | Transitory effects | Evident variation of microbial community detected only at first treatment. |
| Wang et al. (2019) | Metalaxyl | Fungicides | Field | Significant effects | Metalaxyl inhibits the growth of fungi. |