TABLE 3.
Summary of the relevant articles on the application of comet assay to the pesticide effect on soil earthworms.
| References | Substance | Type | Study | Organism | Comment |
| Ma et al. (2019) | Pyraclostrobin | Fungicide | Lab | E. fetida | DNA damage increases at 7 and 14 days. |
| Espinosa-Reyes et al. (2019) | Persistent organic pollutants | “Pesticide” | Field | Not specified | DNA damage correlated to POP accumulation in soil. |
| Qiao et al. (2019) | Cyantraniliprole | Insecticide | Lab | E. fetida | Increase oxidative stress damage alters antioxidant cellular status inducing DNA damage. |
| Zhang et al. (2018) | Fluoxastrobin | Fungicide | Lab | E. fetida | Oxidative stress parameters correlated to DNA damage. |
| Li B. et al. (2018) | Acetamiprid | Insecticide | Lab | E. fetida | Maximum of DNA damage after 14 days. Recovery phase started after 21 days. |
| Chen et al. (2018) | Tribenuron methyl Tebuconazole | Herbicide and fungicide | Lab | E. fetida | Not significance changes in OTM and TL at all pesticides concentrations alone and combined. |
| Li X. et al. (2018) | Mesotrione | Herbicide | Lab | E. fetida | Maximal OTM values at highest dose at day 28. |
| Chevillot et al. (2017) | Neonicotionoids | Insecticide | Lab | E. Andrei | The low NEOs concentrations were not lethal but induce significant increase in class 4 (extremely DNA damage). |
| Duan et al. (2017) | Polychlorinated biphenyls | Pesticide | Lab | E. fetida | PCB treatment increase DNA damage in both type of soil, even at lowest concentration tested. |
| Wang et al. (2016) | Imidacloprid | Insecticide | Lab | E. fetida | OTM and tail DNA% increased at 7 days increasing doses. At 21 and 28 days DNA cross- links were observed. |
| Fouché et al. (2016) | Biofumigants, glucosinolates | Natural toxins | Lab | E. Andrei | Broccoli and oilseed radish DNA damage level similar to ctrl. Only Mustard significantly different to ctrl. |
| Shen et al. (2015) | Deltamethrin | Pesticide | Lab | E. fetida | Nickel produces more DNA damage compared to Deltamethrin. Synergistic effect in increasing DNA damage. |
| Zhang et al. (2015) | Spirotetramat | Insecticide | Lab | E. fetida | Extent of DNA damage reveal 90% worms have low DNA damage at 0.25 mg/kg. |
| Feng et al. (2015) | Thiacloprid | Insecticide | Lab | E. fetida | 1 and 3 mg/kg reached higher DNA damage at 28 and 35 days. |
| Mincarelli et al. (2019) | Copper sulfide | Pesticide | Lab | E. andrei | DNA damage at concentrations lower than those found in most agricultural soils worldwide after 9 days of exposure. |
| Wang et al. (2015) | Guadipyr | Insecticide | Lab | E. fetida | Guadipyr has no effect on OTM, TM, Tail DNA%. |