Table 1.
Methodological quality assessment of included studies.
| References | Items | Score (%) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | ||
| Al-Yahya et al. (25) | Y | Y | P | Y | n/a | n/a | n/a | Y | Y | P | Y | n/a | Y | P | 85 |
| Aravind and Lamontagne (39) | Y | Y | Y | Y | n/a | n/a | n/a | Y | Y | Y | Y | n/a | Y | Y | 100 |
| Chan and Tsang (26) | P | Y | P | Y | n/a | n/a | n/a | Y | Y | Y | Y | n/a | Y | Y | 90 |
| Denneman et al. (42) | Y | Y | Y | Y | n/a | n/a | n/a | P | Y | Y | Y | n/a | Y | Y | 95 |
| Dennis et al. (27) | Y | Y | P | Y | n/a | n/a | n/a | P | P | Y | P | n/a | Y | P | 75 |
| Feld et al. (40) | Y | Y | P | P | n/a | n/a | n/a | P | Y | P | Y | n/a | Y | Y | 80 |
| Goh et al. (35) | Y | Y | Y | P | n/a | n/a | n/a | Y | Y | Y | Y | n/a | Y | Y | 95 |
| Hyndman et al. (28) | Y | Y | P | P | n/a | n/a | n/a | P | Y | P | Y | n/a | Y | Y | 80 |
| Kemper et al. (29) | P | Y | P | P | n/a | n/a | n/a | P | P | Y | P | n/a | Y | Y | 70 |
| Manaf et al. (30) | Y | Y | P | Y | n/a | n/a | n/a | Y | Y | Y | Y | n/a | Y | Y | 95 |
| Mori et al. (24) | Y | Y | P | Y | n/a | n/a | n/a | Y | P | P | Y | n/a | Y | P | 80 |
| Pang et al. (38) | Y | Y | Y | P | Y | Y | n/a | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 96 |
| Patel and Bhatt (31) | Y | Y | P | P | n/a | n/a | n/a | Y | Y | P | P | n/a | Y | Y | 80 |
| Plummer-D'Amato et al. (41) | P | Y | P | Y | n/a | n/a | n/a | Y | Y | Y | Y | n/a | Y | P | 85 |
| Pohl et al. (32) | Y | Y | Y | Y | n/a | n/a | n/a | Y | Y | Y | Y | n/a | Y | P | 95 |
| Regnaux et al. (33) | Y | Y | P | P | n/a | n/a | n/a | P | P | P | Y | n/a | Y | P | 70 |
| Timmermans et al. (20) | Y | Y | P | Y | n/a | n/a | n/a | P | Y | Y | Y | n/a | Y | Y | 90 |
| Tisserand et al. (34) | Y | Y | P | Y | n/a | n/a | n/a | Y | P | Y | Y | n/a | Y | Y | 90 |
| Yang et al. (37) | Y | P | Y | Y | n/a | n/a | n/a | Y | Y | Y | Y | n/a | Y | P | 90 |
| Yang et al. (36) | Y | Y | P | Y | n/a | n/a | n/a | Y | Y | P | P | n/a | Y | P | 80 |
| Mean (± SD) | 86.1 ± 8.8 | ||||||||||||||
Studies presented in alphabetic order. Y, yes (2 points); P, partial (1 point); N, no (0 points); n/a, not applicable; SD, standard deviation. Item numbers on the Standard Quality Assessment Criteria for Evaluating Primary Research Paper are as follows: (1) Question/objective sufficiently described? (2) Study design evident and appropriate? (3) Method of subject/comparison group selection or source of information/input variables described and appropriate? (4) Subject (and comparison group, if applicable) characteristics sufficiently described? (5) If interventional and random allocation was possible, was it described? (6) If interventional and blinding of investigators was possible, was it reported? (7) If interventional and blinding of subjects was possible, was it reported? (8) Outcome and (if applicable) exposure measure(s) well-defined and robust to measurement/misclassification bias? Means of assessment reported? (9) Sample size appropriate? (10) Analytic methods described/justified and appropriate? (11) Some estimate of variance is reported for the main results? (12) Controlled for confounding? (13) Results reported in sufficient detail? (14) Conclusions supported by the results?