Table 2.
Laboratory parameters of mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19 cases.
| Baseline variables | Reference range | Severe cases (n = 8) | Moderate cases (n = 25) | Mild cases (n = 22) | *Odds ratio for severe (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | 59 (50–73) | 45 (30–60) | 39.5 (22.3–52) |
1.07 (1.02–1.12) |
|
| Female (%) | 3 (37.5) | 11 (44) | 14 (64) |
1.90 (0.57–7.34) |
|
| Blood routine | |||||
| White blood cell (×109/L) | 3.5–9.5 | 5.4 (3.4–7.6) |
4.8 (4.1–5.7) |
5.3 (4.7–6.8) |
1.23 (0.86–1.78) |
| Neutrophil (×109/L) | 1.8–6.3 | 3.4 (1.8–6.7) |
3.0 (2.4–3.6) |
2.9 (2.3–3.4) |
1.47 (1.05–2.14) |
| Lymphocyte (×109/L) | 1.1–3.2 | 1.0 (0.7–1.6) |
1.3 (0.9–1.5) |
1.9 (1.1–2.8) |
0.28 (0.08–0.85) |
| Monocyte (×109/L) | 0.1–0.6 | 0.4 (0.2–0.6) |
0.5 (0.4–0.6) |
0.5 (0.4–0.6) |
0.02 (0.00–1.16) |
| Platelet (×109/L) | 125.0–350.0 | 154.0 (121.0–182.8) |
191.0 (156.5–213.5) |
194.5 (163.8–214.5) |
0.98 (0.97–1.01) |
| PDW (CV %) | 15.5–18.1 | 15.4 (11.4–16.6) | 14.2 (13.7–15.9) |
12.8 (11.1–14.0) |
1.12 (0.83–1.50) |
| Red blood cell (×1012/L) | 4.30–5.80 | 4.3 (4.0–4.9) |
4.8 (4.1–5.0) |
4.4 (4.0–4.7) |
0.48 (0.15–1.50) |
| RDW (CV %) | 11.5–14.9 | 12.9 (12.1–13.9) |
12.4 (11.7–13.6) |
11.9 (11.6–12.3) |
1.91 (1.19–3.41) |
| Ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes | 2.4 (1.4–16.2) |
2.3 (1.7–2.9) |
1.8 (0.9–2.8) |
1.21 (1.06–1.42) |
|
| Ratio of monocytes to lymphocytes | 0.3 (0.3–0.8) |
0.4 (0.2–0.5) |
0.3 (0.2–0.4) |
2.86 (0.28–27.0) |
|
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 0.0–10.0 | 41.1 (13.8–139.9) |
6.2 (1.1–12.7) |
2.1 (0.5–17.7) |
2.64 (1.64–4.65) |
| Biochemical indicators | |||||
| ALT (U/L) | 4.0–44.0 | 17.0 (14.0–60.0) |
19.0 (16.0–35.3) |
26.0 (14.0–43.3) |
1.02 (0.99–1.04) |
| AST (U/L) | 8.0–38.0 | 28.0 (23.0–49.0) |
23.5 (20.8–31.3) |
24.5 (19.0–31.0) |
1.04 (0.99–1.09) |
| Total bilirubin (μmol/L) | 2.0–21.0 | 7.0 (3.0–12.0) |
5.0 (2.8–9.0) |
6.5 (4.8–10.3) |
1.01 (0.87–1.16) |
| Direct bilirubin (μmol/L) | 2.0–7.0 | 0.1 (0.1–1.0) |
0.1 (0.1–1.8) |
0.1 (0–1.4) |
0.99 (0.67–1.37) |
| Serum total protein (g/L) | 67.0–83.0 | 68.0 (65.0–75.0) |
69.5 (65.0–73.3) |
69.0 (65.0–71.3) |
0.98 (0.87–1.16) |
| Serum albumin (g/L) | 35.0–50.0 | 39.0 (34.0–43.0) |
43.5 (38.8–47.3) |
41.5 (38.8–45.0) |
0.85 (0.73–1.00) |
| Creatine kinase (U/L) | 0.0–171.0 | 101.0 (54.0–151.0) |
69.0 (53.8–106.8) |
68.0 (46.8–102.0) |
1.000 (0.99–1.01) |
| Creatine kinase MB (U/L) | 0.0–12.0 | 11.0 (10.0–13.0) |
10.0 (9.0–12.5) |
10.0 (7.8–14.8) |
0.97 (0.79–1.17) |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L) | 3.1–8.0 | 5.9 (3.3–10.1) |
4.2 (3.5–4.9) |
4.0 (3.0–4.6) |
1.60 (1.18–2.31) |
| Serum creatinine (μmol/L) | 53.0–97.0 | 64.0 (38.0–88.0) |
54.5 (43.5–64.5) |
48.5 (39.3–58.5) | 1.04 (1.01–1.08) |
| Serum potassium (mmol/L) | 3.8–5.0 | 3.8 (3.2–4.2) |
4.1 (3.8–4.2) |
4.0 (3.9–5.0) |
0.24 (0.06–0.79) |
| Serum sodium (mmol/L) | 136.0–149.0 | 140.0 (13.9.0–141.0) |
142.0 (141.0–143.0) |
142.0 (140.0–143.0) | 0.59 (0.38–0.89) |
| Serum chlorine (mmol/L) | 98.0–106.0 | 105.0 (103.0–106.0) |
104.0 (102.8–106.0) |
105.0 (103.0–106.0) | 0.72 (0.95–1.25) |
| Blood coagulation function | |||||
| D-dimer (mg/L) | 0.0–0.5 | 0.6 (0.3–1.2) |
0.3 (0.2–0.6) |
0.3 (0.2–0.5) |
1.314 (0.579–2.986) |
| PT (s) | 11.5–15.5 | 13.2 (12.2–13.4) |
13.2 (12.9–13.6) |
13.2 (13.2–13.5) |
0.22 (0.05–0.90) |
| APTT (s) | 26.0–40.0 | 37.5 (35.5–42.3) |
38.2 (36.3–42.9) |
41.3 (37.6–44.3) |
0.93 (0.79–1.09) |
| Fibrinogen (g/L) | 2.0–4.0 | 4.9 (4.4–5.9) |
3.6 (2.9–4.8) |
3.6 (2.7–4.1) |
2.61 (1.52–4.87) |
| TT (s) | 14.0–21.0 | 17.1 (16.2–18.2) |
16.2 (15.8–16.8) |
16.2 (15.9–17.4) |
2.46 (1.35–4.97) |
| Blood gas analysis | |||||
| PaCO2 (mm Hg) | 35.0–48.0 | 42.5 (39.3–44.0) |
43.0 (40.5–47.0) |
42.0 (40.3–45.0) |
0.92 (0.76–1.09) |
| PaO2 (mm Hg) | 83.0–108.0 | 83.0 (64.5–00.5) |
106.0 (93.5–134.0) |
103.5 (93.3–124.3) |
0.95 (0.91–0.98) |
| PaO2/FiO2 (mm Hg) | 400.0–500.0 | 395.2 (300.0–478.6) |
504.8 (445.2–632.6) |
461.9 (395.6–591.7) |
0.99 (0.98–1.00) |
| Lactic acid (mmol/L) | 0.5–2.2 | 1.9 (1.3–3.4) | 1.6 (1.3–1.9) |
1.7 (1.1–2.3) |
2.44 (1.07–5.93) |
*
The Odd Ratio of log normalization.