Figure 1.

Plane of perineal dissection for APR. (A) Intersphincteric dissection; (B) Extrasphincteric dissection (standard APR); (C) Extralevator abdominoperineal excision (ELAPE).

Plane of perineal dissection for APR. (A) Intersphincteric dissection; (B) Extrasphincteric dissection (standard APR); (C) Extralevator abdominoperineal excision (ELAPE).