Table 2.
Brain volumes associated with ADHD status.
| Region | ADHD d‡ | P (FDR)‡ | ADHD d | P (FDR) | Sex * ADHD P (FDR) | ADHD d, males | P (FDR), males | ADHD d, females | P (FDR), females |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Whole Brain | −0.320 | 0.00747 (0.0388) | −0.455 | 1.56e-4 (0.00140) | 0.00679 (0.0611) | −0.595 | 1.80e-4 (0.00162) | 0.0556 | 0.773 (0.947) |
| Accumbens | 0.0115 | 0.923 (0.984) | 0.00571 | 0.962 (0.962) | 0.967 (0.967) | −0.00255 | 0.987 (0.987) | 0.0130 | 0.947 (0.947) |
| Amygdala | −0.00243 | 0.984 (0.984) | 0.0492 | 0.680 (0.765) | 0.503 (0.730) | 0.0475 | 0.761 (0.857) | −0.0617 | 0.751 (0.947) |
| Caudate | 0.314 | 0.00862 (0.0388) | 0.309 | 0.00993 (0.0447) | 0.380 (0.730) | 0.350 | 0.0261 (0.0783) | 0.159 | 0.415 (0.947) |
| Cerebellum | −0.227 | 0.0574 (0.103) | −0.262 | 0.0285 (0.0770) | 0.252 (0.730) | −0.327 | 0.0376 (0.0847) | 0.0748 | 0.700 (0.947) |
| Hippocampus | −0.0826 | 0.488 (0.627) | −0.105 | 0.378 (0.486) | 0.585 (0.730) | −0.144 | 0.358 (0.461) | −0.0493 | 0.800 (0.947) |
| Pallidum | −0.106 | 0.372 (0.558) | −0.117 | 0.329 (0.486) | 0.649 (0.730) | −0.164 | 0.296 (0.444) | 0.0258 | 0.894 (0.947) |
| Putamen | −0.252 | 0.0352 (0.103) | −0.253 | 0.0342 (0.0770) | 0.434 (0.730) | −0.377 | 0.0169 (0.0759) | −0.0356 | 0.854 (0.947) |
| Thalamus | 0.235 | 0.0488 (0.103) | 0.236 | 0.0482 (0.0868) | 0.469 (0.730) | 0.256 | 0.102 (0.184) | 0.213 | 0.273 (0.947) |
‡
Effect and p-value from model without the sex interaction term (main effect).
*
Effects in bold are statistically significant after FDR correction (α = 0.05) for the 9 volumes tested.