Table 1.
Randomized controlled trials on vitamin D supplementation for the prevention of childhood wheezing/asthma.
| Authors, Years | Population (N), characteristics | Time of exposure | Interventions | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Goldring et al. (24) |
180 pregnant women | Prenatal | No VD vs. 800 IU VD2 daily from 27 weeks of gestation until delivery vs. single oral bolus of 200,000 IU VD3 at week 27 of gestation |
Wheezing illnesses (assessed by validated questionnaire) in offspring at age 3 years |
| Litonjua et al. (25) Litonjua et al. (26) |
876, pregnant women (18–39 years) high-risk cohort for asthma | Prenatal | 4,400 IU VD3/d vs. 400 IU VD3/d starting at 10–18 weeks of gestation until delivery |
Asthma or recurrent wheezing in offspring at age 3 years Asthma or recurrent wheezing in offspring at age 6 years |
| Chawes et al. (27) Brustad et al. (28) |
623, pregnant women, unselected cohort | Prenatal | 2,400 IU VD3/d vs. 400 IU VD3/d (control) starting at 24 weeks of gestation until delivery |
Persistent wheeze and asthma in offspring at age 3 years Asthma in offspring at age 6 years |
| Grant et al. (30) |
260, pregnant women and their infants | Pre and postnatal | Woman-Infant pairs receiving: Placebo-placebo vs. 1,000 IU - 400 IU VD3/d vs. 2,000 IU - 800 IU VD3/d from 27 weeks gestation to birth, and then to offspring for the first 6 months of life |
Aeroallergen sensitization and healthcare visit for acute respiratory illness in offspring at age 18 months |
| Hibbs et al. (31) |
300, black premature infants (born at 28–36 weeks' gestation) | Postnatal | 400 IU VD3/d vs. diet-limited supplementation daily from birth to 6 months of life |
Recurrent wheezing in offspring by 12 months' adjusted age |
IU, International Units; VD, vitamin D.