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. 2020 Aug 18;11:1028. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01028

TABLE 4.

Lower-limb performance in experimental and control groups before and after the 10-week intervention.

Experimental group (n = 17) Control group (n = 17) Anova group × time interaction



Pre Post %Δ change Paired t test Pre Post %Δ change Paired t test p d (cohen)


p d (cohen) p d (cohen)
Sprint
5 m (s) 1.25 ± 0.06 1.12 ± 0.05 10.0 ± 1.9 <0.001 2.43 1.28 ± 0.05 1.24 ± 0.05 3.3 ± 1.8 <0.001 0.82 0.002 0.80
10 m (s) 2.19 ± 0.05 2.05 ± 0.05 6.7 ± 1.5 <0.001 2.89 2.24 ± 0.05 2.20 ± 0.07 1.7 ± 2 0.002 2.37 <0.001 1.00
20 m (s) 3.77 ± 0.05 3.56 ± 0.05 5.7 ± 0.9 <0.001 4.33 3.75 ± 0.05 3.68 ± 0.07 1.8 ± 1 <0.001 1.19 <0.001 1.41
30 m (s) 4.64 ± 0.05 4.28 ± 0.07 7.8 ± 1.1 <0.001 6.10 5.54 ± 0.05 5.49 ± 0.07 1.0 ± 0.6 <0.001 0.85 <0.001 2.60
Change of direction
Illinois-MT 13.07 ± 0.07 12.10 ± 0.09 7.4 ± 0.4 <0.001 12.40 13.11 ± 0.39 13 ± 0.39 0.8 ± 0.2 <0.001 0.29 <0.001 1.58
Jump
SJ (cm) 22.4 ± 1.7 26.4 ± 1.9 18.2 ± 2.3 <0.001 2.47 22.8 ± 2.1 23.8 ± 1.6 4.5 ± 4.2 <0.001 0.55 0.001 0.87
CMJ (cm) 24.2 ± 1.6 29.3 ± 1.8 21.1 ± 3.3 <0.001 3.09 24.0 ± 2.0 24.9 ± 1.8 4.0 ± 3.3 <0.001 0.49 <0.001 1.17
CMJA (cm) 25.3 ± 1.6 30.4 ± 2.1 20.0 ± 2.8 <0.001 2.82 25.3 ± 2.1 25.8 ± 2.1 2.3 ± 1.1 <0.001 0.25 <0.001 1.15
5JT (m) 8.1 ± 0.3 9.3 ± 0.4 15.3 ± 1.4 <0.001 3.50 8.2 ± 1.5 8.5 ± 1.4 4.4 ± 3.3 <0.001 0.21 0.006 0.71
RSTT
RSTT-BT (s) 12.61 ± 0.16 11.91 ± 0.18 5.5 ± 1.0 <0.001 4.24 12.61 ± 0.18 12.48 ± 0.23 1 ± 0.6 <0.001 0.65 <0.001 1.57
RSTT-MT (s) 12.93 ± 0.17 12.15 ± 0.16 6.1 ± 0.7 <0.001 4.87 12.90 ± 0.18 12.77 ± 0.23 1.0 ± 0.6 <0.001 0.65 <0.001 1.81
RSTT-TT (s) 90.5 ± 1.17 85.0 ± 1.15 6.1 ± 0.7 <0.001 4.89 90.30 ± 1.28 89.40 ± 1.58 1.0 ± 0.6 <0.001 0.65 <0.001 1.81
RSTT-FI (%) 2.52 ± 0.79(2.15)a 1.97 ± 0.87 19.3 ± 35.5 <0.001 0.68 2.30 ± 0.03 2.32 ± 0.04 1.0 ± 0.6 <0.001 0.58 0.049 0.50
Y Balance test
Right support leg
RL/A (cm) 75 ± 7 79 ± 8 4.9 ± 2.3 <0.001 0.55 73 ± 9 79 ± 9 9.1 ± 6.7 <0.001 0.69 0.501 0.16
RL/BL (cm) 89 ± 8 92 ± 9 4.2 ± 1.3 <0.001 0.36 87 ± 9 92 ± 10 5.4 ± 3.8 <0.001 0.54 0.831 0.006
RL/BR (cm) 46 ± 9(44)a 52 ± 9(51)a 12.4 ± 5.1 <0.001 0.69 48 ± 7 54 ± 7 15.3 ± 19 0.001 0.88 0.841 0.006
Left support leg
LL/A (cm) 78 ± 5 82 ± 6 4.2 ± 1.3 <0.001 0.75 78 ± 9 84 ± 7 8.8 ± 9.8 0.001 0.77 0.356 0.22
LL/BR (cm) 92 ± 8 99 ± 7 7.5 ± 2.3 <0.001 0.96 96 ± 8 99 ± 7 3.9 ± 2.9 <0.001 0.41 0.372 0.22
LL/BL (cm) 48 ± 12(43)a 51 ± 12 7.1 ± 3 <0.001 0.26 46 ± 8 50 ± 7 9.5 ± 7.6 <0.001 0.55 0.858 0.06
Stork balance test
RL (s) 2.33 ± 1.16 3.37 ± 1.05 56.4 ± 39.8 <0.001 0.97 2.61 ± 1.16 3.92 ± 1.93(3.41)a 55.9 ± 51.2 0.003 0.85 0.685 0.10
LL (s) 2.56 ± 1.46(2.29)a 3.03 ± 1.46(2.76)a 22.2 ± 8.6 <0.001 0.33 2.58 ± 1.58(1.98)a 3.06 ± 1.43 40.1 ± 69.0 0.310 0.33 0.988 0.06

aMedian reported for rightward skewing data. Illinois-MT, Illinois modified test; SJ, squat jump; CMJ, countermovement jump; CMJA, countermovement jump with arms; 5JT, 5 jump test; RSTT, repeated sprint T-test; BT, best time; MT, mean time; TT, total time; FI, fatigue index; RL, right leg; A, anterior; BL, background left; BR, background right; LL, left leg.