TABLE 4.
Lower-limb performance in experimental and control groups before and after the 10-week intervention.
| Experimental group (n = 17) | Control group (n = 17) | Anova group × time interaction | ||||||||||
| Pre | Post | %Δ change | Paired t test | Pre | Post | %Δ change | Paired t test | p | d (cohen) | |||
| p | d (cohen) | p | d (cohen) | |||||||||
| Sprint | ||||||||||||
| 5 m (s) | 1.25 ± 0.06 | 1.12 ± 0.05 | 10.0 ± 1.9 | <0.001 | 2.43 | 1.28 ± 0.05 | 1.24 ± 0.05 | 3.3 ± 1.8 | <0.001 | 0.82 | 0.002 | 0.80 |
| 10 m (s) | 2.19 ± 0.05 | 2.05 ± 0.05 | 6.7 ± 1.5 | <0.001 | 2.89 | 2.24 ± 0.05 | 2.20 ± 0.07 | 1.7 ± 2 | 0.002 | 2.37 | <0.001 | 1.00 |
| 20 m (s) | 3.77 ± 0.05 | 3.56 ± 0.05 | 5.7 ± 0.9 | <0.001 | 4.33 | 3.75 ± 0.05 | 3.68 ± 0.07 | 1.8 ± 1 | <0.001 | 1.19 | <0.001 | 1.41 |
| 30 m (s) | 4.64 ± 0.05 | 4.28 ± 0.07 | 7.8 ± 1.1 | <0.001 | 6.10 | 5.54 ± 0.05 | 5.49 ± 0.07 | 1.0 ± 0.6 | <0.001 | 0.85 | <0.001 | 2.60 |
| Change of direction | ||||||||||||
| Illinois-MT | 13.07 ± 0.07 | 12.10 ± 0.09 | 7.4 ± 0.4 | <0.001 | 12.40 | 13.11 ± 0.39 | 13 ± 0.39 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | <0.001 | 0.29 | <0.001 | 1.58 |
| Jump | ||||||||||||
| SJ (cm) | 22.4 ± 1.7 | 26.4 ± 1.9 | 18.2 ± 2.3 | <0.001 | 2.47 | 22.8 ± 2.1 | 23.8 ± 1.6 | 4.5 ± 4.2 | <0.001 | 0.55 | 0.001 | 0.87 |
| CMJ (cm) | 24.2 ± 1.6 | 29.3 ± 1.8 | 21.1 ± 3.3 | <0.001 | 3.09 | 24.0 ± 2.0 | 24.9 ± 1.8 | 4.0 ± 3.3 | <0.001 | 0.49 | <0.001 | 1.17 |
| CMJA (cm) | 25.3 ± 1.6 | 30.4 ± 2.1 | 20.0 ± 2.8 | <0.001 | 2.82 | 25.3 ± 2.1 | 25.8 ± 2.1 | 2.3 ± 1.1 | <0.001 | 0.25 | <0.001 | 1.15 |
| 5JT (m) | 8.1 ± 0.3 | 9.3 ± 0.4 | 15.3 ± 1.4 | <0.001 | 3.50 | 8.2 ± 1.5 | 8.5 ± 1.4 | 4.4 ± 3.3 | <0.001 | 0.21 | 0.006 | 0.71 |
| RSTT | ||||||||||||
| RSTT-BT (s) | 12.61 ± 0.16 | 11.91 ± 0.18 | 5.5 ± 1.0 | <0.001 | 4.24 | 12.61 ± 0.18 | 12.48 ± 0.23 | 1 ± 0.6 | <0.001 | 0.65 | <0.001 | 1.57 |
| RSTT-MT (s) | 12.93 ± 0.17 | 12.15 ± 0.16 | 6.1 ± 0.7 | <0.001 | 4.87 | 12.90 ± 0.18 | 12.77 ± 0.23 | 1.0 ± 0.6 | <0.001 | 0.65 | <0.001 | 1.81 |
| RSTT-TT (s) | 90.5 ± 1.17 | 85.0 ± 1.15 | 6.1 ± 0.7 | <0.001 | 4.89 | 90.30 ± 1.28 | 89.40 ± 1.58 | 1.0 ± 0.6 | <0.001 | 0.65 | <0.001 | 1.81 |
| RSTT-FI (%) | 2.52 ± 0.79(2.15)a | 1.97 ± 0.87 | 19.3 ± 35.5 | <0.001 | 0.68 | 2.30 ± 0.03 | 2.32 ± 0.04 | 1.0 ± 0.6 | <0.001 | 0.58 | 0.049 | 0.50 |
| Y Balance test | ||||||||||||
| Right support leg | ||||||||||||
| RL/A (cm) | 75 ± 7 | 79 ± 8 | 4.9 ± 2.3 | <0.001 | 0.55 | 73 ± 9 | 79 ± 9 | 9.1 ± 6.7 | <0.001 | 0.69 | 0.501 | 0.16 |
| RL/BL (cm) | 89 ± 8 | 92 ± 9 | 4.2 ± 1.3 | <0.001 | 0.36 | 87 ± 9 | 92 ± 10 | 5.4 ± 3.8 | <0.001 | 0.54 | 0.831 | 0.006 |
| RL/BR (cm) | 46 ± 9(44)a | 52 ± 9(51)a | 12.4 ± 5.1 | <0.001 | 0.69 | 48 ± 7 | 54 ± 7 | 15.3 ± 19 | 0.001 | 0.88 | 0.841 | 0.006 |
| Left support leg | ||||||||||||
| LL/A (cm) | 78 ± 5 | 82 ± 6 | 4.2 ± 1.3 | <0.001 | 0.75 | 78 ± 9 | 84 ± 7 | 8.8 ± 9.8 | 0.001 | 0.77 | 0.356 | 0.22 |
| LL/BR (cm) | 92 ± 8 | 99 ± 7 | 7.5 ± 2.3 | <0.001 | 0.96 | 96 ± 8 | 99 ± 7 | 3.9 ± 2.9 | <0.001 | 0.41 | 0.372 | 0.22 |
| LL/BL (cm) | 48 ± 12(43)a | 51 ± 12 | 7.1 ± 3 | <0.001 | 0.26 | 46 ± 8 | 50 ± 7 | 9.5 ± 7.6 | <0.001 | 0.55 | 0.858 | 0.06 |
| Stork balance test | ||||||||||||
| RL (s) | 2.33 ± 1.16 | 3.37 ± 1.05 | 56.4 ± 39.8 | <0.001 | 0.97 | 2.61 ± 1.16 | 3.92 ± 1.93(3.41)a | 55.9 ± 51.2 | 0.003 | 0.85 | 0.685 | 0.10 |
| LL (s) | 2.56 ± 1.46(2.29)a | 3.03 ± 1.46(2.76)a | 22.2 ± 8.6 | <0.001 | 0.33 | 2.58 ± 1.58(1.98)a | 3.06 ± 1.43 | 40.1 ± 69.0 | 0.310 | 0.33 | 0.988 | 0.06 |
aMedian reported for rightward skewing data. Illinois-MT, Illinois modified test; SJ, squat jump; CMJ, countermovement jump; CMJA, countermovement jump with arms; 5JT, 5 jump test; RSTT, repeated sprint T-test; BT, best time; MT, mean time; TT, total time; FI, fatigue index; RL, right leg; A, anterior; BL, background left; BR, background right; LL, left leg.